Reinforcement technology

As it is commonly known and applied for a long time, the properties of paste can be improved by reinforcement with the fibres. For example, the production of asbestos-cement materials started 80 years ago. The fiber reinforcement technology has been developed extensively for the last 20 years and the other fibres has been taken into account, first of all the steel fibres, but also the carbon, glass, resin, polypropylene and cellulose fibres as well. The fibres reinforcement gives the pos-sibihty to enhance the flexural and tension strength, as well as the impact resistance. The fibre composite modifies the properties of concrete by control cracking and the mode of failure by means of post—cracking ductility. 

Abstract This article outlines some history of and recent progress in perfluorinated membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The structure, properties, synthesis, degradation problems, technology for high temperature membranes, reinforcement technology, and characterization methods of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes are reviewed. 

Various reviews on PFSA technology development have been published and detailed explanations of the individual items are available from those materials. In this chapter, the fundamentals of PFSA membranes, the requirements for advanced PEFCs, development trends for high temperature membranes, reinforcement technology, membranes for DMFC, and topics on analysis technology are reviewed. 

When compared with other glass-reinforcing technologies the following advantages must be added ... 

Structural pre-fabricated engineered wood composites (e.g., FiRP reinforcement technology used to produce structural members, beams and I-beams, made from derived wood products, such as glulam and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with an internal bonded passive reinforcement, like CFRP, GFRP or AFRP). The reasoning behind its development was to allow the use of smaller cross-sections, to obtain more homogeneous... 

Silica is thus the most important filler that competes with carbon black in the area of mbber reinforcement technology. However, in the early stages of silica usage, their uses as reinforcing filler instead of carbon black were limited due to a number of problems... 

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