High solids, future

D. C. Busby and co-workers. Supercritical Fluid Spray Application Technology A Pollution Prevention Technologyfor the Futures PP- 218—239 Proceedings of the 17th Water-Borne and High-Solid Coating Symposiums New Orleans, La., 1990. 

However, the measured values of elasticity modulus are several orders of magnitude lower than the values predicted by these equations. Perhaps the bed elasticity may have a role to play for fine cohesive particles at high solid hold-ups. In that case, this can be included in future in the equation of motion for the particle phase as an extra force arising out of particle-particle interaction, without affecting the fundamental approach of linear stability analysis. 

Table VII distributes automotive topcoat usage by type, with predictions for 1987. The progression from low-solids, high-emission coatings to high-solids systems is shown. Research and development of HS-E are active at each of the auto companies and at every major coatings supplier and raw materials producer. Certainly, problems such as specific polymer design and cross-linker choice still exist—as well as application, flow, and aluminum flake orientation. However, current and future research and development should reduce these problems rapidly to manageable levels.

However, in many ways, these pressures have strengthened the industry. Efficiency and productivity have been enhanced by the adoption of modern computer techniques for formulation, inventory control, scheduling, production, etc. New technologies have been developed and implemented (e.g., electrodeposition, autodeposition, high solids, powder coatings, radiation curables, metal prefinishing, and robots) that will serve the industry well into the future. 

Application of Topcoats Appliance Coating Specifications Recent Developments Flow Coat Conversion Electrocoating High Solids Powder Coatings Low Energy Cure Coatings Coatings to Replace Porcelain Future... 

Industrial Higtier-Solids Coatings, Present and Future, A. Heitkamp, et al, High Solids Coatings, December 1980. 

The main application technique in the decorative area is still by hand (brush). Hence, future trends continue to reflect attention on worker exposure and environmental issues. This is already seen in the move to low aromatic content white spirits and isoparaffin solvents in conventional systems. High solids and waterborne technologies are being developed and both possess certain advantages and disadvantages, mainly relating to appearance and ease of use. Water-based systems bring, in principle, increased potential for water pollution, as consumers continue to rinse their brushes and paint rollers under the tap and transfer the water-soluble components such as amines and biocides to the aqueous environment. The consequence of diffuse water emissions of this type is still under debate. 

High solids nitrocellulose systems (applied warm) are being introduced in the USA. In Europe, high solids polyurethane coatings are likely to be the main technology used in the future, especially where high gloss finishes are required. 

Several adhesive systems which have future value because of ecological and energy requirements are briefly described. Aerospace adhesives, electronic adhesives, high solid adhesives, hot melt adhesives and photocured adhesives are among those of high growth potentials. 

Future energy and environmental requirements will encourage the development of high solid adhesives, including powder adhesives. 

The mechanism of ion polymerization in formaldehyde crystals proposed by Basilevskii et al. [1982] rests on Semenov s [1960] assumption that solid-phase chain reactions are possible when the arrangement of the reactants in the crystal prepares the configuration of the future chain. The monomer crystals capable of low-temperature polymerization fulfill this condition. In the initial equilibrium state the monomer molecules are located in the lattice sites and the creation of a chemical bond requires surmounting a high barrier. However, upon creation of the primary dimer cation, the active center shifts to the intersite, and the barrier for the addition of the next link... 

The development of methods and instrumentation, especially in the high field range, will already open up quite new areas of uses already in the near future. These may at least partly replace and complete solid-state vibration spectroscopy in the polymer field in cases where the amount of material is not the limiting factor. As far as we are able to predict the future, the development of exact quantitative methods of analysis, in particular, will rapidly develop to a high degree of accuracy. 

The kj and terms were evaluated from Equation 2 and found to be roughly comparable to the values for naphthalene adsorbed on highly activated alumina (11,30). Generally, the smaller the and values, the more strongly the compound interacts with the surface (29,30). In the future, Equation 2 should be a useful means of comparing various surfaces for RTF in solid-surface phosphorescence analytical work. 

In the near future, the possible synthesis of nanotubes with solid-gas potential will be more favorable to adsorption. The effect of hydrogen overpressure on the stability of adsorbed Ha needs to be verified in the near future. The high-purity nanotube produced by laser vaporization, catalytic decomposition, or other techniques should be investigated. It is noteworthy that the synthesis of the SWNT with defined diameters and distances between the walls is difficult to perform at present, but future synthesis routes will allow more... 

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