High production volume screening

Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) for High Production Volume Chemicals... 

United Nations Environment Programme Chemicals (2000) OECD High Production Volume Chemicals Programme. Phase 3. SIDS (Screening Information Data Set), initial assessment report [http //irptc.unep.ch], Geneva... 

These relationships allow for screening and ranking of toxicity so that the least toxic option may be used if deemed appropriate. They are applied in many jurisdictions for regulatory use in the prediction of ecological effects (and fate) of chemicals when there are no actual toxicity data and decisions need to be made about their use [99]. QSARs have been developed, for example, to predict which chemicals may exhibit persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties, or be very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) [99]. These methods have been applied to the prediction of chemicals that fall under the European REACH initiative and also high production volume (HPV) chemicals [99]. Currently available QSARs for predicting a compound s fall into two general classes those that have been developed for a nonspecific mode of action, and those that have been developed for specific types or classes of chemicals [99]. 

Limited preliminary information is available on reproductive and developmental toxicity from the screening information data sets for high production volume chemicals. 

Two screening reproduction toxicity study protocols were prepared by the OECD for initial evaluation of existing chemicals, especially of existing high production volume chemicals but also for initial exploratory tests at an early stage of assessing the toxicological properties of new chemicals or chemicals of concern. 

Klopman G and Ghakravarti SM (2003) Screening of high production volume chemicals for estrogen receptor binding activity (II) by the MultiCASE expert system. Chemosphere 51 461 68. 

Klopman G, Chakravarti SK, Flarris N, Ivanov J, Saiakhov RD. In-silico screening of high production volume chemicals for mutagenicity using the MCASE QSAR expert system. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2003 14(2) 165-80. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division. Information packet on the OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Program for high production volume (HPV) chemicals, 1992. 

OECD. 2004. Caffeine CAS 58-08-2. In Screening information dataset (SIDS) high production volume chemicals. Paris Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 

Table 19.1. Hazard data availability of each Screening Information Data Set, SIDS, component for U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals ...

Verhaar, H. J. M. Solbe, J. Speksnijder, J. Van Leeuwen, C. J. Hermens, J. L. M. Classifying environmental pollutants Part 3. External validation of the classification system. Chemosphere 2000,40, 875-883. Klopman, G. Chakravarti, S. K. Harris, N. Ivanov, J. Saiakhov, R. D. In-Silico screening of high production volume chemicals for mutagenicity using the MCASE QSAR expert system. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 2003,14,165-180. 

The OECD has identified 20 metal substances as High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals (OECD 2009) (Table 7.3). HPV chemicals include all chemicals reported to be produced or imported at amounts exceeding 1,000 tons per year in at least one OECD manber country or in the European Union region. None of the metals identified as HPV chemicals have an OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) (OECD 2007). The SIDS is described in http //www.oecd.org/Hpv/UI/Search.aspx. 

Prior to scale-up, different protein A resins should be screened. To achieve high production rate, defined as the amount of protein purified per unit time and per unit column volume, a resin must have a high dynamic binding capacity and be able to operate at low backpressures. 

Common Data Source Approach. Another approach is to use a common source of data for benchmarking a set of chemicals. Examples of potential data sources include Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) from product manufacturers, the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the International Uniform Chemical Information Database (lUClID), the High Rroduction Volume Information System (HRVIS), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Screening Information Dataset (SIDS), and the Canadian Domestic Substances list... 

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