High pressure steel vessel

Hydrothermal Growth. Hydrothermal growth is used in the form of solution transport for the growth of synthetic quartz. Cmshed natural quartz is placed into the lower part of a high pressure steel vessel, called a bomb, and thin seed plates are located in the upper region, as seen in Figure 5. The vessel is filled, for example, to 80% capacity with a 4% NaOH [1310-73-2] solution the NaOH acts as a mineralizer to increase the solubility of Si02. 

Fig. 2.1 Schematic of the high-pressure steel vessel, mounted with the optically accessible, channel-flow catalytic reactor. All distances are in mm...

The method of Michael and Murphy, as modified by Knox et al., can be used to prepare several polyvalent metal chlorides. Oxides are converted to chlorides by heating with an excess of carbon tetrachloride in a sealed glass tube. The high pressures generated are balanced by placing the sealed tube inside a high-pressure steel reaction vessel containing the proper amount of liquid. 

All reactions were carried out in 700-mL stainless steel, high pressure reaction vessels. The reaction solution was added, along with a Teflon-coated stirring bar, to a vessel that was flushed and loaded with CO to the desired pressure. The vessel was heated in an insulated oven, which rests on a magnetic stirring motor. Temperature control ( 1°C after the desired reaction temperature was reached) was maintained using a proportional temperature controller with a thermocouple inserted in a thermowell,. which extended below the solution level of the reaction vessel as a sensor. Heating the reaction vessel from room temperature to 160°C typically required from 40 to 45 minutes. 

The pressurized fluid was transferred to the 316 stainless steel high-pressure extraction vessel (shown in Figure 2) through 1/16-in. 

The OSU MASLWR test facility has been constructed using all stainless steel components. It is designed for operation at full system pressure and temperature. It includes a complete reactor vessel module with helical coil steam generator, an electrically heated fuel bundle simulator, a high-pressure containment vessel, and an exterior pool for passive containment cooling. All components are of 1 3 height-scale and 1 254.7 volume scale. A detailed description of the test facility is given in [I-l]. 

A high-pressure shaker vessel lined with Hastelloy stainless steel charged with ethylene trithiocarbonate and a little over 2 moles of sulfur tetrafluoride heated 8hrs. at 110° 2,2-difluoro-l,3-dithiolane. Y 82%. F. e. s. R. J. Harder and W. C. Smith, Am. Soc. 83, 3422 (1961). 

Charge the high-pressure steel hydrogenation vessel with the purified 4 1 mixture of ferrilactones 40 and 41 (2.7 g, 7.5 mmol). 

Add benzene (50 mL) to the high-pressure steel hydrogenation vessel, containing a stirrer bar, by syringe. 

Seal the high-pressure steel hydrogenation vessel carefully. 

The oxygen generator consists of an insulated high-pressure container, with ail electric heater and automatic pressure and temperature controls. The high-pressure inner vessel is fabricated of type-304 stainless steel. 

Oxidation reaction experiments were performed in a 300 mL stainless-steel high pressure reactor vessel (Parr Instraments Co., USA, 5521) operated under isothermal batch mode at 413 K, 2 MPa of oxygen pressure and stirred at 500 rpm to optimize the mass transfer in the liquid phase. For every run a fresh feed of aqueous phenol solution of 20 mmol L and 4 g L of the catalyst was introduced to the reaction vessel. The liquid phase was analyzed by HPLC on a Pursuit XRs 5 C18 150 while the gas phase was analyzed in a GC equipped with a Porapak Q packed column. 

The test rig employed in this study consisted of a high-pressure cylindrical steel vessel with a length of 1.8 m and an internal diameter of 0.28 m. Visual inspection and accessibility of the reactor assembly was achieved via a 50 mm diameter quartz window at the rear flange of the vessel and two 350 mm long and 50 mm high quartz windows at the vessel sides. The test setup (Fig. 2.1) consisted of a channel-flow catalytic reactor, which was mounted inside the high-pressure cylindrical vessel. The reactor comprised two horizontal Si[SiC] plates with a length (x) of 300 mm, width (z) of 104 mm and thickness of 9 mm the plates were positioned 7 mm apart (y). The other two sides of the reactor were formed by two 3-mm-thick vertical quartz windows. 

A version of the baffled collection vessel was fabricated from stainless steel for use at high pressure. This vessel is pictured in Fig. 8-12 and its construction detailed by Fig. 8-13. The sample collection vessel has been constructed to withstand a working pressure of up to 400 Bar (6000 psi) and contain up to 60 cm of fluid. The internal baffle discs allow the vessel to fill up from the bottom without too much mixing in order that much of the available volume is used. 

The reaction below 100°C was carried in a three necked 1 L round-bottom flask equipped with reflux condenser, mechanical agitator and an electric heating mantle. The reaction above 100°C was conducted in a IL stainless-steel high pressure reactor vessel (Biichi glas uster). The reactor was equipped with a digital temperature control system, an agitator and a monometer as pressure indicator. 

For the gun steels often used in the constmction of high pressure vessels, the latter criterion is favored (9) according to which, Hence... 

AH commercial processes (8—10) use either NaOH (4) or Na2C02 (5) as solvent systems. The dissolving mechanism is similar ia both solvents because hydrolyzes to OH . Sodium salts are required because insoluble sodium iron sHicates form on the steel waHs of the high pressure vessels... 

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