Quartz window

Quarz-faden, m. quartz thread, quartz filament, -fels, m. quartz rock, quartzite, -fenster, n. quartz window, quarzfrei, a. free from quartz. 

A special titration cell is necessary which completely fills the cell compartment of the spectrophotometer. One shown in Fig. 17.24 can be made from 5 mm Perspex sheet, cemented together with special Perspex cement, and with dimensions suitable for the instrument to be used. Since Perspex is opaque to ultraviolet light, two openings are made in the cell to accommodate circular quartz windows 23 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick the windows are inserted in such a way that the beam of monochromatic light passes through their centres... 

A diagram of their detector is shown in figure 21. The UV adsorption system consists of a low pressure mercury lamp emitting light at 254 nm and a solid state photo cell with quartz windows allowing the photo cell to respond to light in the UV region. 

In this instance, the flame is produced by a line of sparks located in a square cross-section combustion chamber equipped with quartz windows after it has been filled through a perforated plate. Figure 7.1.3a shows the image obtained by the direct shadowgraphy the light crosses the entire 10 cm wide vessel and both the apparent thickness of the flame and the turbulent flame brush can thus be directly estimated. 

The single-cylinder engine with optical access (a) cross section showing quartz windows and the extended piston construction view of the engine during testing. (Courtesy of Dec, J.)... 

Similar reflection plates are used for recording ultraviolet-visible and Raman spectra of matrix isolated molecules, although the traditional beam path passing through transparent quartz windows is more frequently used in UV spectrometers. Sapphire rods, which are placed in the spectrometer cavity, are applied as targets in matrix esr studies. 

P 12] A falling film micro reactor was applied for generating thin liquid films [6]. A reaction plate with 32 micro channels of channel width, depth and length of 600 pm, 300 pm and 66 mm, respectively, was used. Reaction plates made of pure nickel and iron were employed. The micro device was equipped with a quartz window transparent for the wavelength desired. A 1000 W xenon lamp was located in front of the window. The spectrum provided ranges from 190 to 2500 nm the maximum intensity of the lamp is given at about 800 nm. 

Fig. 6.20. The schematic diagram of experimental set-up to study photoemission of 02- / - quartz vial 2 - quartz window 3 thermostating jacket 4 - aluminum shield 5 - filter 6 - thermostating jacket 7 - blue glass 8 - sensor 9 - platinum rings 10 - glass covered weight 11 - 13 - lenses A, B - jackets providing optical isolation of chambers.

In the vapor phase experiments, the photograftings are carried out in specially designed photoreactor constructed and built in our laboratory (Figure 1). The reactor is equipped with a 1 kW high pressure mercury UV lamp (HPM-15 from Philips) which can be moved to vary the distance to the substrate. The grafting takes place in an atmosphere of nitrogen in a thermostated chamber closed with a clear quartz window. Sensitizer and monomer evaporates from a solution of a volatile solvent in an open bucket which is shielded from the UV-irradiation with aluminium foil. 

Figure 5. Design of a cell for photoassisted electrolysis of C02 under elevated pressures.97 (1) Photoelectrode (2) reference electrode (3) counter electrode (4) sampling port with septum (5) pressure regulator (6) pressure gauge (7) O-rings (8) reaction cell (9) separator (10) quartz window (11) insulated connection (12) bolts (13) connections to potentiostat.

Polymer films were made from solution (f)) and spread on quartz windows. To remove oxygen the films were kept for 2 hours at 10 5 Torr and then sealed off in cylindrical quartz cuvettes. 

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a 100-mL UV-autoclave. a = gas and sampling valve, b = thermocouple, c = quartz window, d = Teflon O-rings, e = autoclave lid, f = rupture disc, g = valve and pressure gauge, h gaskets, i = autoclave body, k = glass insert, 1 = temperature control, m stirring bar. (Pmax 300 bar, Tmax = 150 °C) (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 7. Copyright 1983 Elsevier Sequoia.)...

Fig. 4. Sliding cathode phototube (41) showing evaporation sources (1, 2) for depositing the alloy film on the photocathode (3), shielded partly as required by the glass screen (4). A quartz window (5) faces the cathode and connection is made to a gold film anode evaporated from (6).

Fig. 1. Schematic of PAF-V. Key DM, drive motor SA, screw assembly RSA, reactant solution A RSB, reactant solution B DS, drive syringes SV, main switching valves PD, photodetector WB, water bath WA, waste FO, focusing optics M, monochrometer RS, receiving syringe DL, deuterium lamp TL, tungsten lamp ACS, adjustable cell support C, mixing/observation cell W, quartz windows A, reactant A entrance to cell B, reactant B entrance to cell E, product exit from cell RCS, rigid cell support T, a portion of the 4.6 m of coiled tubing not shown for clarity. Reproduced from Ref. (1) by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The samples had dry matter over 85% and were ground to pass through a 1 mm screen and then packed in a quartz-windowed cup. The unit was demonstrated at the 1971 Illinois State Fair. After the success of this instrument, Neotec (later Pacific Scientific, then NIR Systems, then Perstorp, then FOSS) built a rotating (tilting) filter instrument. Both instruments were dedicated, analog systems, neither of which was considered user-friendly. ... 

Electrochemical measurements were performed in an electrochemical cell equipped with quartz windows which fit into the sample compartment of a Cary 14 spectrometer. The cell (CHjCN, 0.1N TEAP vs S.C.E.) employed three electrode (Pt auxiliary electrode) potentiostatic control. A Tacussell PRT Potentiostat and PAR model 175 signal generator were used for the measurements. 

In addition to these lines is one measured by Wendt a 3983 A. The structure of this line has been measured by no other observers and as Ruarke points out, his description of source used is rather meager. It was found that this line appeared very faintly in the ordinary Cooper-Hewit arc. In an arc of the type shown in the figure with a quartz window, Q, through which the arc was observed, it was found that the line 3983 A appeared strongly at higher pressures of mercury vapor and at voltages above 25 volts. Since this line has been classified as due to a P — F... 

The oven of the TMS apparatus has been removed and the open ended quartz tube of the TMS is surrounded by a closed quartz tube fitted with a flat quartz window at the bottom and a screw cap on its side to allow sample introduction (Figure 2c). 

---