Hidden effects

The typical parameters for the PLD of epitaxial ZnO-based thin films on sapphire including information about target preparation are listed in Table 7.3. Within the range of these software controlled parameters, the properties of the deposited films differ widely, as will be shown in Sect. 7.4. Beside the parameters listed in Table 7.3, the film properties will be influenced furthermore by a few more internal effects, which will be listed and discussed in the following according to the scheme effect/problem-cause-solution. Only the careful consideration of all these hidden effects by experienced operators can ensure the highest quality and reproducibility of PLD grown films. 

Actual meaning of the overlap parameter (20) is revealed in the first-principles consideration [36] by including hidden effects of metal-to-ligand-to-metal hopping. 

Veldman, J. B. P. 1992). Hidden effects of noise. Doctoraldisseration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. 

What-if design is an integrative method that supplies designers with information on the (hidden) effects of their design decisions (Houten and Lutters 2006). 

However, by the relations (5.321) and (5. 322) the hidden effect of the anomalous absorption was emphasized in the third term by the different signs attached, meaning a lack of the absorption associated to the alpha branch - and, in fact, a plus of free photons transferred, while recording for the beta branch a plus of absorption and a minus of free photons transferred, both effects happened by the dynamic localization of the fields between the propagation directions, i.e., the associated branches of DS. 

The computational process of analysis is hidden from the user, and visually the analysis is conducted in terms of M-02-91 or R6 [6] assessment procedure On the basis of data of stress state and defect configuration the necessary assessment parameters (limit load, stress intensity factor variation along the crack-like defect edge) are determined. Special attention is devoted to realization of sensitivity analysis. Effect of variations in calculated stress distribution and defect configuration are estimated by built-in way. 

Operability. Hidden costs may result from changes in the way a process operates as a result of a control. For example, enclosure and isolation may diminish the abiUty of workers to observe the process. Upsets and dismptions resulting from this loss of intelligence are expensive and generate resistance to the use of these controls, no matter how effective. 

Viscosities of the siloxanes were predicted over a temperature range of 298-348 K. The semi-log plot of viscosity as a function of temperature was linear for the ring compounds. However, for the chain compounds, the viscosity increased rapidly with an increase in the chain length of the molecule. A simple 2-4-1 neural network architecture was used for the viscosity predictions. The molecular configuration was not considered here because of the direct positive effect of addition of both M and D groups on viscosity. The two input variables, therefore, were the siloxane type and the temperature level. Only one hidden layer with four nodes was used. The predicted variable was the viscosity of the siloxane. 

We have seen that the output neuron in a binary-threshold perceptron without hidden layers can only specify on which side of a particular hyperplane the input lies. Its decision region consists simply of a half-plane bounded by a hyperplane. If one hidden layer is added, however, the neurons in the hidden layer effectively take an intersection (i.e. a Boolean AND operation) of the half-planes formed by the input neurons and can thus form arbitrary (possible unbounded) convex regions. ... 

The aspect of sample preparation and characterization is usually hidden in the smallprint of articles and many details are often not mentioned at all. It is, however, a very crucial point, especially with surface and interface investigations since there might be many unknown parameters with respect to surface contaminations, surface conformations, built-in stresses, lateral sample inhomogeneities, roughness, interfacial contact etc. This is in particular important when surfaces and interfaces are investigated on a molecular scale where those effects may be quite pronounced. Thus special care has to be taken to prepare well defined and artifact free specimens, which is of course not always simple to check. Many of these points are areas of... 

Polk et al. reported27 that PET fibers could be hydrolyzed with 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide at 80°C in the presence of trioctylmethylammonium bromide in 60 min to obtain terephthalic acid in 93% yield. The results of catalytic depolymerization of PET without agitation are listed in Table 10.1. The results of catalytic depolymerization of PET with agitation are listed in Table 10.2. As expected, agitation shortened the time required for 100% conversion. Results (Table 10.1) for the quaternary salts with a halide counterion were promising. Phenyltrimethylammonium chloride (PTMAC) was chosen to ascertain whether steric effects would hinder catalytic activity. Bulky alkyl groups of the quaternary ammonium compounds were expected to hinder close approach of the catalyst to the somewhat hidden carbonyl groups of the fiber structure. The results indicate that steric hindrance is not a problem for PET hydrolysis under this set of conditions since the depolymerization results were substantially lower for PTMAC than for die more sterically hindered quaternary salts. 

Similarly, after 70 years of successful application of QM, it is clear that the wave function does not describe the properties of something else. There is no Ether, there are no hidden variables. The effect on the wave function of every interaction between QM systems is described by the Schrbdinger equation. The wave function does not describe something unknown and eluding(14, IS), that is sometimes a wave and sometime a particle. 

Today s heart models do not yet possess the power to solve the inverse problem. They do, however, aid the understanding and interpretation of the EGG by repeatedly solving forward problems to study the effects of cellular modifications on the calculated ECG. Model reconstruction of a normal ECG is therefore a necessary first step towards developing a better understanding of the information hidden in it. Figure 8.3(a) illustrates this. 

B. Bar-Yosef, Root excretions and their environmental effects influence on availability of phosphorus. Plant Roots The Hidden Half (Y. Waisel, A. Eshel, and U. Kakafi, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991, p. 50.3. 

As I look back at this experience, it was an awesome adventure to be alone, during and for an interval of time after this discovery, with the apparatus showing one new effect after another, when there was no one in the Illinois Physics Department experienced in NMR with whom I could talk. Little did the early NMR resonance community realize that the analogue of spin echo hidden memory contained in excited phases of all kinds of states of matter, including plasmas, would be obtained in the future by use of optical laser, electric, and acoustic pulses as well. And now today the use of spin echoes is a standard procedure for magnetic resonance imaging of the human body for medical diagnosis. 

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