Herbicides intermediates

The main by-products of this synthesis type are sulfides and the isomer resulting from the Markownikoff addition to the alkene. For example, in the synthesis of 1-butanethiol (eq. 4), 5-thianonane, C H SC H, and 2-butanethiol are produced as by-products. The 2-butanethiol has uses as a herbicide intermediate and a gas odorant blend component and is further processed. The 5-thianonane is incinerated or reprocessed for fuel value. Sulfides account for up to 10% of the thiols produced. Another 2—5% is the Markownikoff addition product. 

Dichlorotoluene is an intermediate for manufacture of herbicides. It is also used to obtain 2,4-dichloroben2yl chloride and 2,4-dichloroben2oyl chloride. 2,6-Dichlorotoluene is appHed as a herbicide and dyestuff intermediate. 2,3,6-Trichlorotoluene is used as a herbicide intermediate. The other polychlorotoluenes have limited industrial appHcation. 

Another example from the Ciba-Geigy group concerns the chemoselective reductive dehalogenation of 2,2,4-trichlorobutanal to 2,4-dichlorobutanol (Eqn. (4)), a herbicide intermediate (Bader et al., 1996). 

Uses. As a dye carrier, an herbicide intermediate, a heat transfer medium, a dielectric fluid in transformers and a lubricant... 

In crop protection, the processes to herbicide intermediates (I )-HPOPS and (S)-MOIPA are described. A process catalyzed by an organometallic compound (Ir— ferrocene derivative) has turned out to be superior to the transaminase-catalyzed biocatalytic route to (S)-MOIPA whereas enzymatically-catalyzed aromatic hydroxy-lations with HPOPS as an example are the method of choice. 

BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany) produces isomerically pure (i )-2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propionic acid (HPOPS) from (P)-2-phenoxypropionic add (POPS) on a 100 m3 fermenter scale for use as a herbicide intermediate (Figure 7.30) (Cooper, 1990). 

Similarly, DuPont employs a nitrile hydratase (as whole cells of P. chlororaphis B23) to convert adiponitrile to 5-cyanovaleramide, a herbicide intermediate [122]. In the Lonza nitrotinamide (vitamin B6) process [123] the final step (Fig. 1.42) involves the nitrile hydratase (whole cells of Rh. rhodocrous) catalysed hydration of 3-cyanopyridine. Here again the very high product purity is a major advantage as conventional chemical hydrolysis affords a product contaminated with nicotinic acid, which requires expensive purification to meet the specifications of this vitamin. 

Assignee American Cyanamide Company Utility Herbicide Intermediate... 

The reaction may be considered to take place either through the enol-form of the pyridone, or its zwitterionic form. The herbicide intermediates 2-chloropyridine [607] and 2,3,5-trichloropyridine [606a] have been prepared from 2-pyridone and 3,4-dichloro-2-pyridone, respectively, using a solution of phosgene in the presence of dmf [606a,607]. 

This is used as an intermediate in flavor and fragrance and pharmaceutical industry. Also is used as a pesticide/herbicide herbicide intermediate. 

The idea behind this approach was influenced by the success of the Lindlar catalyst, i. e. modification of the selectivity of a catalyst by addition of a second metal. The catalyst was developed for a herbicide intermediate in collaboration with Degussa AG. In summary, the studies showed that ... 

MAJOR USES Intermediate for herbicides intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and alkyl carbonates. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES not a natural product a product of hexachlo-robenzene dechlorination by anaerobic sewage sludge dye carrier herbicide intermediates degreaser lubricant synthetic transformer oils insecticides solvent in chemical manufacturing in wood preservatives... 

The hydroxylation of aromatics serves as an example for a sussessfiiU industrial production of intermediates in a technical scale. BASF Ludwigshafen produces iso-merically pure (iJ)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propionic acid (HPOPS) from (iJ)-2-phe-noxypropionic acid (POPS) in a 100 m fermenter for use as a herbicide intermediate (Eq. 4-19). 

Cinnamyl alcohol used in fine chemicals, perfumery 1,3 Propanediol, used in fine chemicals 2-Methyl-6-trifuloro-methyl aniline (MTMA), a preemergent herbicide intermediate... 

Chem. Descrip. 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane CAS 694-83-7 EINECS/ELINCS 211-776-7 Uses Intermediate epoxy curing agent chelating agent for oil field, textiles, water treatment, detergents herbicide intermediate polyamide resins for adhesives, coatings, films, plastics, inks PL) for extenders, catalysts corrosion/scale inhibitors... 

Properties Misc. with water m.w. 114.19 sp.gr. 0.94 b.p. 183 C (760 mm) flash pt. 167 F Toxicology LDLo (oral, rat) 1 g/kg LCLo (inh., rat, 4 h) 3200 mg/m si. toxic by ing. and inh. primary skin irritant TSCA listed Precaution Corrosive liq. combustible Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of NOx Uses Epoxy curing agent chelating agent for oil field, textile, water treatment, detergent fields herbicide intermediate polyamide resins for adhesives, films, plastics, inks PU for extenders catalysts scale/corrosion inhibitors coatings... 

Polybromodibenzofurans, especially tetrabromodibenzofuran Contaminants of polychlorophenol compounds, especially herbicides (2,4,5-T and pentachlorophenol) and herbicide intermediates (2,4,5-trichlorophenol) ... 

Contaminant of agent orange, formed during production of chlorinated organic solvents (hexachlorophene and the herbicide 2,4,5,-T) products of combustion Herbicide intermediates... 

Dioxin, specifically TCDD, is the paradigm for chemicals causing chloracne and also for the biological importance of trace industrial contaminants. Dioxins contaminate polychlorophenols, especially the herbicides 2,4,5-T and pentachlorophenol (PCP) and herbicide intermediates (2,4,5-trichlorophenol). TCDD is one of the most toxic small molecules known to man. It is also one of the best studied toxic chemicals, largely after intense scrutiny over its use in Vietnam. 

Diphencyprone (CAS 886-38-4), 0.01% acetone (or-ganotin compounds) (Sansom et al. 1995) Diphenylcyclopropenone, 0.1% acetone (patch tests were not done) (organic syntheses) (Stute et al. 1981) 2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CAS 3033-77-o)> 0.5% petrolatum (pharmaceutical industry) (Bergqvist-Karlsson 1985 Estlander et al. 1997) Ethoxylated acrylate (EEA), 0.1% acetone (impregnation emulsions) (Matura et al. 1995) Ethoxymethylenemalononitrile (CAS 123-06-8), 0.01% petrolatum (herbicide intermediate) (Wakelin et al. 1998)... 

Trichlorobenzene dye carrier (46%), herbicide intermediate (28%), heat transfer medium, dielectric fluid in transformers, degreaser, and lubricant... 

Chloro-2-fluoronitrobenzene 105 was treated with excess chlorosulfonic acid (five equivalents) at room temperature (30 minutes) and the mixture was then heated at 120-130 °C (3 hours) to give 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride 106 (Equation 34). Sulfonation occurred in the expected position (0/p to the halogens and m to the nitro group). The sulfonyl chloride 106 could be reduced, by reaction with tin(ii) chloride, to the corresponding thiol 107 which is used as a herbicide intermediate. ... 

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