Herbacic acid

The sponge Dysideci herbaceci from the Great Barrier Reef contains the novel metabolite herbacic acid (207) as the major trichloroleucine metabolite [165]. 

The simple herbacic acid (938) was isolated from Dysidea herbacea from the Great Barrier Reef, and may be a precursor to more complex trichloromethyl metabolites (990). Another collection of Dysidea sp. from Australia s Great Barrier Reef yielded five new metabolites (939-943) for which the absolute stereochemistry was determined by correlation with (-)-(.S )-4,4,4-trich loro-3-methyl butanoic acid (991). Dysidea herbacea from the Great Barrier Reef contains (-)-neodyside-nin (944), which is an isomer of the well-known and often isolated dysidenin. 

MacMillan JB, Molinski TF (2000) Herbacic Acid, a Simple Prototype of 5,5,5-Trichloro-leucine Metabolites from the Sponge Dysidea herbacea. J Nat Prod 63 155... 

SCHEME 43.50. Molinski et al. s diastereoselective synthesis of the chlorinated fragment of (-)-herbacic acid 296. 

MacMillan, J.B. and Molinski, T.F. (2000a) Herbacic acid, a simple prototype of 5,5,5-trichloroleucine metabolites from the sponge Dysidea herbacea. J. Nat. Prod., 63,155-157. 

Metal Organics and Inorganics. The metal organic herbicides are arsenicals used for the selective, post-emergence control of grass and broadleaved weeds in cropland and noncroplands. These herbicides are particularly usehil for weed control in cotton and turf crops (2,296,294). CacodyUc acid is a contact herbicide used for nonselective weed control in cropland and noncropland (299). Ammonium sulfamate [7773-06-0] (AMS) is an inorganic herbicide used for control of woody plants and herbaceous perennials (2). 

Modifications have been made to the original protocol in order to apply this method to herbaceous species. Iiyama and Wallis (1990) added 100 pL perchloric acid (HC104) to improve the dissolution of wall material. This decreased the overall time required for the procedure and made the use of hydroxylamine unnecessary. 

Aconites, commonly called wolfsbane or monkshood, are species of Aconitum (Ranunculaceae), valued ornamental herbaceous plants, grown for their showy blue or purple flowers, which are shaped like a monk s cowl. Their alkaloid content, mainly in the roots, makes them some of the most toxic plants commonly encountered. The dried roots of Aconitum napellus were once used, mainly externally for relief of pain, e.g. in rheumatism. The toxic alkaloids (0.3-1.5%) are complex diterpene-derived esters. Aconitine (Figure 6.124) is the principal component (about 30%) and is a diester of aconine with acetic and benzoic acids. Hydrolysis products benzoylaconine and aconine are also present in dried plant material. These alkaloids appear to behave as neurotoxins by acting on sodium channels. All species of Aconitum and Delphinium are potentially toxic to man and animals and must be treated with caution. 

It is somewhat surprising that these two major classes of biochemicals account for such a small percentage of the DOC in these environments. Neutral sugars and amino acids typically account for 30-60% of the carbon in herbaceous vascular plant tissues and phytoplankton biomass, whereas... 

Portulaca oleracea commonly known as purslane belongs to the family Portulacaceae and is an herbaceous cosmopolitan weed. P. oleracea is one of the major sources of omega-3 fatty acids and was found to produce beneficial effects on cholesterol and triglyceride levels in heart disease and in strengthening the immune system. The plant also possesses marked antioxidant activity (Reid, 1986 Chevallier, 1996 Hocking, 1997). 

The observation that trickle-down fragrances often convey a sense of luxury and style points to an aspect of perfumes that is of key importance in the perfuming of functional products The scent of a product connotes specific product qualities to the user. This is obvious when a lemon perfume is used in a dishwashing detergent advertised as containing lemon juice or in a sanitary cleaner based on citric acid, or when a herbaceous perfume is used in a herbal bath foam. But it also occurs in most if not all other uses of fragrance where the message is less specific. 

The impact of extraneous inorganic matter on the analysis cannot be predicted. Most chemical analysis methods have been optimized for bark-free wood that has an ash content of less than 2 percent. These methods may not be applicable to herbaceous materials where structural silica can increase the ash content to more than 15 percent of the dry weight of the biomass. One potential problem with high ash samples is that inorganic materials, depending on their composition, may neutralize the sulfuric acid solutions used in the hydrolysis steps. The affect of pH changes... 

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