Hepatitis B vaccines

Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate and hepatitis B vaccine he -maw-fil-us in-flu-en -zah kon-jew -gate hep -ah-tie -tus bee-vak -seen Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA) lime-vak -seen... 

Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B vaccine and 0.5 mL hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth at separate sites. The second dose is recommended at age 1-2 months and the vaccination series should be completed (third or fourth dose) at age 6 months. 

Infants born to mothers whose HBsAg status is unknown should receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine series within 12 hours of birth. Maternal blood should be drawn at the time of delivery to determine the mother s HBsAg status if the HBsAg test is positive, the infant should receive HBIG as soon as possible (no later than age 1 week). 

What type of immunity will be produced by the hepatitis B vaccine recombinant ... 

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B vaccines provide another illustration of how drug products have advanced vdth increasing technical capability. Vaccination against hepatitis B is common pradice for health workers, travellers and others who may be at risk of exposure to the virus. The initial vaccines contained inactivated virus to promote the immune response necessary to proted against future infection by the live virus. However, there was always some concern in case there was not complete inactivation of the virus used for vaccination. Further research into the virus identified the surface proteins against which the immune response is raised. The genetic... 

At the moment, strategies for the production of transgenic plants are already used for maize, tobacco, potato, and rice. The main purpose is to increase their resistance toward diseases [63]. Some plants also get newly introduced products, such as vitamins [64]. Another purpose of transgenic plants is their use for production of vaccines for instance hepatitis B vaccine... 

Rubella Vaccine, Live Mumps Vaccine, rDNA Hepatitis B Vaccine, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Erythropoietin, and Factor IX etcetera. 

Persons at high risk of acquiring the hepatitis B virus should be vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine at months 0,1, and 6. 

Hepatitis D infection is possible only if the patient also has the hepatitis B virus present therefore, hepatitis B vaccination can indirectly prevent hepatitis D infection. 

The two hepatitis B vaccines available in the United States are Recombivax HB and Engerix-B. These vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA technology by inserting the gene for HBsAg into the plasmid that is synthesized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Both vaccines are effective in providing... 

TABLE 21-4. Recommended Intramuscular Dosing Regimens for Hepatitis B Vaccines... 

Postexposure prophylaxis for perinatal exposure depends upon the mother s HBsAg status.24 Mothers who are HBsAg-positive should have their newborns immunized with both the hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG 0.5 mL. This regimen is 85% effective in preventing the hepatitis B carrier status if administered... 

See Table 21 —4 for appropriate hepatitis B vaccine dose. 

Hepatitis B virus is a blood-borne or sexually transmitted virus. Most acute infections occur in adults, while chronic infections usually occur in individuals infected as infants or children. However, about 10% of adults who contract hepatitis B virus will fail to clear their infection and develop chronic hepatitis B infection. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection are at risk for cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection.6... 

Hepatitis B vaccine is manufactured using recombinant DNA technology to express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in yeast. This is further purified with biochemical separation techniques to produce the vaccine. The vaccines are formulated to contain 10 to 40 meg of HBsAg protein/mL. Hepatitis B vaccine is available as a single component or in combination vaccines. 

Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for routine use in children. The first dose should be given within 12 hours of birth. The second and third doses are given at 2 months and 6 months after the first dose if using the single component vaccine, or at 2, 4, and 6 months if using combination vaccines. If the infant weighs less than 2000 g at birth, the birth dose is not counted in the three-dose series. Infants less than 2000 g do not produce an adequate immune response to the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Adolescents should receive the three-dose series if not previously vaccinated.6... 

Adults at high risk for hepatitis B because of occupation or lifestyle should receive the hepatitis B vaccine series. The typical series has the second and third doses given 1 month and 6 months after the first dose. Accelerated schedules may also be used. Frequently, individuals do not follow through with the complete three-dose series and questions arise about restarting the series. Hepatitis B vaccine produces an amnesic response therefore the series may be continued at any time in order to complete the three doses. 

There are several combination vaccines available in the United States. One of the most popular pediatric combinations is Pediarix a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and hepatitis B vaccines. ComVax is a combination of Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis B vaccines. The most recent combination is ProQuad which contains measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines. The only combination available for adults is Twinrix which has hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. 

Adults with HIV infection should be vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide and hepatitis B vaccines as early in the course of the disease as possible. Inactivated influenza vaccine should be given yearly. Children should continue to receive vaccinations on the standard childhood immunization schedule. The individual may experience a transient elevation in HIV viral load following vaccination.17... 

Comvax Haemophilus b conjugate and hepatitis b vaccine Merck Vaccination against invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B... 

Recombivax HB Hepatitis B vaccine Merck Hepatitis B prevention... 

The yeast Hansenula polymorpha serves as the production system for a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Berna Biotech AG [8] and yeast is also used to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), marketed as Leukine by Schering AG. 

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