Hemoglobin films

Since shaking of protein solutions induces bubble formation, and because agitation without bubble formation (by slow stirring) causes a much slower rate of precipitation, the enhanced precipitation rate of hemoglobin S solutions was attributed to an enhanced rate of surface denaturation at the air/water-liquid interface. This idea was confirmed by direct measurements of the properties of hemoglobin films at the air/water interface with a surface balance. The surface... 

PSS-SG composite film was tested for sorption of heme proteins hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb). The peroxidaze activity of adsorbed proteins were studied and evaluated by optical and voltammetric methods. Mb-PSS-SG film on PG electrode was shown to be perspective for detection of dissolved oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by voltammetry with linear calibration in the range 2-30 p.M, and detection limit -1.5 p.M. Obtained composite films can be modified by different types of biological active compounds which is important for the development of sensitive elements of biosensors. 

Hematological Methods. Hematological analyses can Include the determination of the total hemoglobin concentration (In g%), the packed cell volume (PCV In %), the red blood cell count (In 10 /mm ) and reticulocytes count (In %), calculation of the red cell Indices, examination of a blood film, tests to demonstrate the presence of Inclusion bodies and of sickle cells, tests to evaluate the distribution of fetal hemoglobin (Hb-F) Inside the red cells, the red cell osmotic fragility, the concentration of serum Iron (SI), total Iron binding capacity (TIBC), and the survival time of the red cells. Details of all... 

P. Yang, Q. Zhao, Z. Gu, and Q. Zhuang, The electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin on SWNTs/ DDAB film modified glassy carbon electrode. Electroanalysis 16, 97—100 (2004). 

J. Yu and H.X. Ju, Amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on hemoglobin entrapped in titania sol-gel film. Anal. Chim. Acta 486, 209—216 (2003). 

The Xi02 nanotube arrays are also well suited for hosting and stabilizing bio-catalysts. Hemoglobin could be immobilized in Xi02 nanotube films and be used as bio-catalyst. It was also observed that adhesion, spreading, growth, and difierentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are critically dependent on the tube diameter. ... 

Wei, S., Dandan, W., Ruifang, G., and Kui, J., Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin in sodium alginate film on a bmim PF modified carbon paste electrode, Electrochem. Commun., 9,1159-1164, 2007. 

The first demonstration of facilitated transport of oxygen was performed by Scholander [22] using thin films of cellulose acetate impregnated with aqueous hemoglobin solutions. Later Bassett and Schultz [65] demonstrated the process with cobalt dihistidine, a synthetic carrier. The enhancements obtained in these... 

Kali AKM, Lee D-Y, Park S-H, Kwon Y-S (2008) Potential application of hemoglobin as an alternative to peroxidases in a phenol biosensor. Thin Solid Films 516 2816—2821... 

Zhang Y-Y, HuX, Tang K, Zou G-L (2006) Immobilization of hemoglobin on chitosan films as mimetic peroxidases. Process Biochem 41 2410-2416... 

Hematological data showed moderate anemia (hemoglobin 95 g/L normal is 136-172 g/L), increased reticulocytes (7.8% normal is <2.4%), and leukocytosis (leukocytes 12 X 109/L normal is 3.2-9.8 X 109/L) with increased lymphocytes (62% of total leukocytes). The blood film showed moderate anisocytosis (variability of size of erythrocytes), increased spherocytes (small, globular erythrocytes without the usual central pallor), and a scatter of atypical lymphocytes. 

Laboratory tests showed that hemoglobin was 7.5 g/dL (normal range is 12-15 g/dL), and the reticulocyte count was 262 x 109/L (normal range is 50-100 X 109/L). The tests also indicated neutrophilia, a white cell count of 34 X 109/L (normal range is 4-11 x 109/L), and a platelet count of 328 X 109/L (normal range is 150-400 X 109/L). Renal function was normal. Malarial parasite screen and direct Coombs test were negative. Blood film showed nucleated red blood cells and anisocytosis with bite cells ... 

If two heavy-atom derivatives can be crystallized which preserve the space group and unit cell size of a large protein, then the structure can be solved directly this method of multiple isomorphous replacement was used by Perutz152 and Kendrew153 to solve the first two protein structures by laborious, decade-long film methods hemoglobin and myoglobin. 

Yang, W. W., Bai, Y., Li, Y. C. and Sun, C. Q. (2005a), Amperometric nitrite sensor based on hemoglobin/colloidal gold nanoparticles immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode by a titania sol-gel film. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 382(1) 44-50. 

MB can undergo oxidative -> electropolymerization resulting in a poly(methylene blue) film on Au or Pt electrodes. The structure of MB is preserved in PMB, and hence it shows the same catalytic activity, e.g., towards the oxidation of - hemoglobin as the monomer does. Refs. [i] HepelM, Janusz W (2000) Eletrochim Acta 45 3785 [ii] Svetli-cic V, Zutic V, Clavilier J, Chevalet J (1985) JElectroanal Chem 195 307 Zaitseva G, Gushikem Y, Ribeiro ES, Rosatto SS (2002) Electrochim Acta 1469 [Hi] Kertesz V, Bacskai J, Inzelt G (1996) Electrochim Acta 41 2877 [iv] Brett CMA, Inzelt G, Kertesz V (1999) Anal Chim Acta 385 119... 

Liu et al. have demonstrated that the direct electron transfer reactivity of the immobilized hemoglobin (Hb) can be effectively enhanced by the addition of MWNTs into the PUE film (118). Biosensors based on the direct electron transfer of the immobilized proteins show good analytical performance, including high sensitivity, acceptable fabrication reproducibility, and storage stability. 

A 36-year-old HIV-positive man taking zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir was noticed to have a mild asymptomatic anemia (hemoglobin 10.2 g/1, white cell count 10.4 x 109/1 with a normal differential count, and platelets 237 x 109/1). The blood film suggested hemolysis. He had taken ecstasy 2 weeks earlier for the first time. The anemia was reportedly secondary to oxidative stress, probably due to drug toxicity. Three weeks later his hemoglobin returned to normal. 

The reaction of NO with the ferric(met) nitrite derivative of human adult hemoglobin Hb was investigated using thin films... 

Vander Meulen and Ressler (1980) measured the near-lR spectra of proteins in aqueous solution and compared them with the spectra of protein films. Brown et al. (1983) reported multiple internal reflectance spectra of hydrated films of carbonmonoxy and oxy forms of hemoglobin. This work was extended by Findsen et al. (1986), who, using resonance Raman scattering, measured the effects of hydration on the equilibrium and dynamic properties of hemoglobin and its carbonmonoxy complex. There was a substantial effect of hydration on the CO vibration, but no significant effect on the vibrational properties of the heme protein. 

Patients with this abnormality suffer from mild hypochromic anemia with microcytosis and signs of hemolysis a highly characteristic property is the 2- to 3-fold increase in the relative production of Hb-Aa. The Hb-level may vary between 7.5 and 11.5 g/100 ml. Anemia is the most common disturbance followed by hepatomegaly, gall stones, jaundice, splenomegaly, and others (G5). The red blood cell count varies between 5.5 and 7,5 million/mm with mean cell volumes (MCV) of 55-80 and mean cellular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) of 25-30%. The peripheral blood film shows hypochromia and microcytosis,... 

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