Lectins galactoside-specific

N.A. Galactoside-specific lectin, lignans, viscotoxin, choline, alkaloids, resin, acetylcholine, protein, flavonoids, caffeic acid, viscin, carotenoids.99100 181 Lower blood pressure, stimulate heart action, and treat arteriosclerosis. 

The p-galactoside-specific lectins produced by oral actinomyces, such as A. naeslundii and. uiscosus, facilitate initial colonization of epithelial surfaces of the mouth and teeth by mediating the attachment of the bacteria to galactose residues either on the surface of the epithelial cells, or on the surface of other bacteria (for example, S. sanguis) which are adsorbed to the enamel of the teeth [162],... 

Enzymes modified with carbohydrates (neoglycoenzymes) can be used in cytochemistry as described above or in biochemical detection of lectins in solid-phase assays to gain greater sensitivity in analysis. For example, bacterial 3-galactosidase modified with p-aminophenyl a-D-mannopyranoside via amide linkage was useful in determination of Con A immobilized on plastic microtiter plates, and lactose-modified P-galactosidase was effective in histochemical detection of galactoside-specific lectins [63]. Other enzymes frequently used for these applications are alkaline phosphatase and horse radish peroxidase. There are a number of colorimetric, fluorometric, and chemiluminescent substrates available for these enzymes. 

European Mistletoe (Viscunt album) extract [Iscador Qu Spezial or Helixor (aqueous VAL extract) or Lec-tin-1 (galactoside-specific lectin). The various extracts of Viscum album (VAL) differ in composition and immunomodulatory effect. Some of these extracts stimulate release of y-IFN, IL-4, TNF-a, IL-12 and IL-6 and are used as unconventional adjuvant therapy in the treatment of HIV and cancer [15-18]. Controlled studies of the galactoside-specific lectin component showed no evidence of cellular reaction in bladders with urothelial carcinoma [19]. The specific agents contained in the extract that are purported to have an antitumor effect have not yet been characterized. Non-specific adjuvant, boosts the cellular and humoral... 

Hajto T, Hostanska K, Frei K, Rohrdorf C, Gabius HJ (1990) Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 by human mononuclear cells exposed to p-galactoside-specific lectin from clinically applied mistletoe extract. Cancer Res 50 3322-3326... 

Timoshenko AV, Gabius FIJ (1993) Efficient induction of superoxide release from human neutrophils by the galactoside-specific lectin from Yiscum album. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 374 237-243... 

Beuth J, Ko HL, Gabius HJ, Pulverer G (1991) Influence of treatment with the immunomodulatory effective dose of the p-galactoside-specific lectin from mistletoe on tumor colonization in BALB/c-mice for two experimental model systems. In vivo 5 29-32... 

Hajto T, Hostanska K, Fischer J, Lentzen H (1996) Investigations of cellular parameters to establish the response of a biomodulator galactoside-specific lectin from Yiscum album plant extract. Phytomedicine 3 129-137... 

Heiny BM, Beuth J (1994) Mistletoe extract standardized for the galactoside-specific lectin (ML-1) induces p-endorphin release and immunopotentiation in breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res 14 1339-1342... 

Catt, J.W., Harrison, F.L., Carleton, J.S. Distribution of an endogenous P-galactoside-specific lectin during foetal and neonatal rabbit development, J. Cell ScL, 1987, 87, 623-633. 

Kunze E, Schulz H, Gabius HJ. Inability of galactoside-specific mistletoe lectin to inhibit N-methyl-N-nitrosurea-induced tumor development in the urinary bladder of rats and to mediate a local cellular immune response after long-term administration. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998 124(2) 73-87. 

Relatively stable proteins isolated from human heart and from human and rhesus monkey skeletal muscles, are capable of binding to /3-D-galactosides. Gel precipitation and radioimmunoassay studies with rabbit antiserum to calf heart lectin revealed antigenic cross-reactions between the primate and bovine muscle lectins. The lectin from calf heart shows a greater specificity towards the terminal disaccharide (lactosamine) units of blood-group antigen precursor chains than does the Ricinus communis lectin. 

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