Cramps muscular

Tetany Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles characterized by muscular twitching and cramps, laryngospasm with inspiratory stridor, and hyperreflexia. 

A 27- year-old male with a three-year history of AIDS complains of progressive blurring of vision for two days. Eye examination reveals evidence of retinitis consistent with cytomegalic virus inclusion disease. Intravenous treatment is started, and within five days the patient complains of muscular weakness and cramping. Blood chemistries show a creatinine of. 5.2 mEq/L and a Ca of 6.9 mEq/L. 

Patients with secondary hypertension may complain of symptoms suggestive of the underlying disorder. Patients with pheochromocytoma may have a history of paroxysmal headaches, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, and orthostatic hypotension. In primary aldosteronism, hypokalemic symptoms of muscle cramps and weakness may be present. Patients with hypertension secondary to Cushing s syndrome may complain of weight gain, polyuria, edema, menstrual irregularities, recurrent acne, or muscular weakness. 

Easy fatigue, mild weakness, muscular twitching, fasciculations, cramps, generalized weakness, including muscles of respiration, with dyspnea and cyanosis. 

Among nicotine-like effects on skeletal muscle were fascicula-tions (non-myasthenics2 only), increased strength (myasthenics only), decreased strength (non-myasthenics only), muscular cramps. 

The most frequently observed symptoms include vomiting (82%), nausea (74%), abdominal cramps (64%), diarrhea (64%), and also headaches and muscular cramping. The onset of symptoms usually starts after 6 to 10 hours after food ingestion, however they may be reported earlier. The lethal cases are rare and occur among infants and elderly people. Only 10% of affected people need medical treatment - treatments include analgesics, antidiarrheic drugs, and administration of fluids. 

Pain, muscular weakness, cramps and ease of fatigue are the most usual symptoms of muscular disease. In most cases, it is diseases of the vascular or nervous system or problems with the processes providing energy within the muscle that are responsible for clinical problems with muscles. Other clinical problems include the muscular dystrophies, myotonic disorders, inflammatory myopathies and disorders of neuromuscular transmission (see Walton, 1996). The best known is Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 

After ingestion, gastrointestinal effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea appear within 15 minutes to 2 hours. After skin absorption, localized sweating and muscular fasciculations in the immediate area occur usually within 15 minutes to 4 hours skin absorption is somewhat greater at higher ambient temperatures and is increased by the presence of derma titis. ... 

Musculoskeletal- o n. /backpa n, muscle cramp/contraction, myalgia/myositis, muscular soreness (1% to 3%). 

Overdose produces a cholinergic crisis manifested as abdominal discomfort or cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flushing, facial warmth, excessive salivation, diaphoresis, lacrimation, pallor, bradycardia or tachycardia, hypotension, bron-chospasm, urinary urgency, blurred vision, miosis, and fasciculation (involuntary muscular contractions visible under the skin). 

Muscular work is accompanied by the production of ammonia, the immediate source of which is adenosine 5 -phosphate (AMP).301 302 This fact led to the recognition of another substrate cycle (Chapter 11) that functions by virtue of the presence of a biosynthetic pathway and of a degradative enzyme in the same cells (cycle A, Fig. 25-17). This purine nucleotide cycle operates in the brain303 304 as well as in muscle. The key enzyme 5-AMP aminohydrolase (AMP deaminase step a, Fig. 25-17) also occurs in erythrocytes and many other tissues.304 305 Persons having normal erythrocyte levels but an absence of this enzyme in muscles suffer from muscular weakness and cramping after exercise.306... 

Aspirin and other NSAIDs are effective in treating mild-to-moderate pain of various origins, including headache, toothache, and diffuse muscular aches and soreness. Aspirin appears to be especially useful in treating pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal and joint disorders.71,87,89 The safe and effective use of aspirin in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis is well documented (see Chapter 16).53,66,84 Aspirin is also recommended for treating the pain and cramping associated with primary dysmenorrhea.70... 

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