HEALTHCARE APPLICATION

Ulman, K.L. and Thomas, X., Silicone Pressure Sensitive adhesives for healthcare applications. In Advances in Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology-2. Satas Donatas Ed., Satas and Associates, Rhodes Island, 1995, pp. 133-157. 

Novel effects Food-contact and healthcare applications... 

The frequency of maintenance should be defined in these SOPs and, unless otherwise justified, should comply with the OEM s recommendations. Maintenance frequencies may be determined by recalibration requirements and reliability-centered preventive maintenance calculations. Advice can be sought from supplier organizations, but it should not be solely relied on because it is highly unlikely that they fully understand the precise nature of the pharmaceutical or healthcare application. Justifications for periodic inspection intervals should be recorded, remembering that they can be modified in the light of operational experience. Any change to recalibrations periods or preventive maintenance intervals, however, must be controlled. 

First DataBank has developed numerous drug reference products for healthcare applications, in both print and electronic forms. Most of these products can be deployed on an individual desktop, a local area network and, in some cases, over the Internet or intranet,... 

Results are presented of studies of three products for healthcare applications which include anti-microbial finishes or additives in the product. These products are upholstery fabrics coated with a clear coating that includes an anti-microbial additive, a fluid barrier system that involves a 2 mil film laminated to the back of an upholstery fabric that incorporates an anti-microbial additive in its adhesive system, and wallcoverings that include an anti-microbial additive in the back-coating. 

As the accelerating pace in medicine continues into the future, what precisely do we expect to see As argued in this book, there is reason to believe that the union of IT, telecommunication, genomic and postgenomic sciences within the past half-decade will have profound life science and healthcare applications. Wonderful machines, submicroscopic processors and devices,... 

D. Lekkas, S. Gritzalis, and S. Katsikas. 2002. Quality assured trusted third parties for deploying secure internet-based healthcare applications. International Journal of Medical Informatics 65 79-96. 

Bayer MaterialScience. Medical device and healthcare applications solutions with polycarbonates and polycarbonate blends. Online web seminar. Omnexus 9 December 2008. 

During the past century, petrochemicals have become a vital part of industrial and economic activity around the world. Synthetic polymers are an important part of numerous industrial products, consumer goods, and healthcare applications. Materials such as polystyrene, polyester, and polyvinyl chloride are used in an enormous range of products across a wide variety of market sectors [5]. Textile production, food packaging, construction materials, and communication and entertainment technologies are all reliant on a plentiful supply of plastics. Petrochemicals have also been used extensively as food preservatives, vitamin supplements, refrigerants, antifreeze solutions, cosmetics, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and disinfectants. Chemicals derived from oil have enormous industrial, economic, and social importance. 

The types of occupation and activities for which protective garments and other prod-nets are made and specifically mentioned in the literature include civil emergency (fire, police, security), defence (military, naval, and air), sports (including extreme sports), industrial protective clothing (including commercial transport, fishing, and off-shore), and healthcare applications. 

From a clinical perspective, there remain points to consider before using robots in healthcare applications. Yang et al. summarized these barriers, which include the risk of malfunctioning/failure, setup procedures that are yet to be established, such as procedures of patient safety control, and insurance policy [33]. Finally, the further development of new technologies and effective robotic instruments will increase the acceptance of robotic assistance in healthcare to an even higher level. We are certain that healthcare professionals of the future will employ assistive robotics without anxiety or technical barriers. However, the degree of automation... 

Rogers, S. (2002) A structured approach for the investigation of clinical inddents in healthcare application in a general practice setting. British Journal of General Practice,... 

Polypropylene (PP) fibre is one of the most widely used synthetic fibres in the textile industry. PP has some advantages it is cheaper and stronger than many other synthetic fibres and it has been applied widely in various fields, e.g., carpets, automotive interior trim, films, packaging, protective cover, and cables. In particular, it is used for healthcare applications such as surgical masks, babies nappies, and filters, which need to display antibacterial effects. 

Rigby, A.J., Anand, S.C., and Horrocks, A.R. 1997. Textile materials for medical and healthcare applications. Journal of the Textile Institute, 88(Part3) 83-93. 

Biocompatibility involves adherence to ISO 10993 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices or USP Class VI standards, hemocompatibility, platelet retention, and reduced protein binding. Moreover, food contact standards are typically applied to healthcare applications. The US Food and Drug Administration oversees adherence to the standards of the US Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act In Europe, the European Union Directive 2002/72/EC is applicable. 

There are also many healthcare applications that have a more indirect connection to the patient. Medical trays that are used to transport, store, and sterilize surgical instruments require autoclave sterilizability, chemical resistance, and biocompatibility. Additionally, good mechanical performance such as high-impact resistance, as well as colorability, is required. PPE/PS blends are frequently positioned for these applications where this combination of properties is needed. Polymer blends provide other significant benefit in these applications. Many other materials in use such as metals or fiberglass have a significant deficiency relative to polymer blends since repeated use can cause creation of metallic, resin, and glass particles. 

There are several standards that medical polymers must adhere to. One of the most common standards observed for polymeric materials is published by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), which necessitates using animal models (in vivo) to test toxicity of elastomers, plastics, and other polymeric materials, prior to clinical use. The standard and forms of testing it outlines is considered in the medical industry as the minimum requirement for a polymeric material before it is considered for use in healthcare applications. According to the standard the biological response of the test animals are measured and determined via three main techniques (1) Systemic toxicity test Evaluates the effects of leachables of intravenously or intraperitoneally injected materials on systems such as the nervous or immune system (2) Intracutaneous test Evaluates local response to materials injected under the skin (3) Implantation test Both local tissue microscopic and macroscopic parameters evaluated at material implant sites. 

Selvarajah, K. et al., 2013, "Native ap>ps versus web apps Which is best for healthcare applications " Human-Computer Interaction. 2(8005), pp. 189-196. 

There are privacy concerns, especially in biomedical and healthcare applications, about using a customer s or patient s data for training purposes. 

While the plasticizers sector (which is almost totally bound up with PVC) has been dominated in recent years by controversy over the use of phthalates, there has been significant development in systems based on other materials, such as polymeric plasticizers. Lubricants and processing aids also come into this classification, where the trend is towards adaptation to other plastics compounds, both standard and engineering plastics, and new systems that reduce or overcome migration, for use especially in food contact and medical/ healthcare applications. 

The main applications for PVA are in textile sizing, adhesives, polsrmerization stabilizers, and paper coating, poly(vinyl butyral), and PVA fibers. In terms of percentage, and omitting the production of PVA not isolated prior to the conversion into poly(vinyl butyral), the principal apphcations are textile sizes, at 30% adhesives, including use as a protective colloid, at 25% fibers, at 15% paper sizes, at 15%, poly(vinyl butyral), at 10% and others, at 5%, which includes water-soluble films, nonwoven fabric binders, thickeners, slow release binders for fertihzer, photoprinting plates, sponges for cosmetic, and healthcare applications. 

---