Head rot

Prats, E., Bazzalo, M.E., Leon, A. and Jorrin, J.V. (2006) Fungitoxic effect of scopolin and related coumarins on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. A way to overcome sunflower head rot. Euphytica, 147, 451-60. 

Safflower seed that is produced in areas with late summer rains or cool weather cycles that interfere with maturation can produce dark-colored or greenish oils that are often higher in FFA as well. If the seed has sprouted before or during harvest or has been attacked by Alternaria, Pseudomonas, or other head-rot diseases, the resulting oil can be quite difficult to refine and extremely difficult to bleach. 

Heads with black or discolored centers. Causes Fungal rot cold injury. Broccoli heads rot when water collects between the individual flower buds. Avoid wetting heads when watering. Cold weather can also cause black areas in the center of heads. Protect plants with row cover when temperatures below 40° F are predicted. 

Heads rot. Cause Fungal diseases. A variety of fungi cause cabbage heads to rot. Destroy rotted plants. Spray plants with copper before symptoms develop if you have had problems in the past. 

The sunflower crop can suffer from a number of diseases. The commonly known diseases are downy mildew, rust, verticillium wilt, scelerotinia wilt, head rot and phomposis. Plant pathologists have identified a number of genes in wild sunflower varieties that can provide resistance to these diseases in the developed hybrids. However, no single gene can offer the resistance to all of these diseases. Researchers are continuously working to incorporate improved resistance traits in the hybrids. 

From capitulum of a head rot-resistant sunflower genotype [6295]. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY Antifungal [6295]. 

Type specific speed is defined as that operating specific speed that gives the maximum efficiency for a specific pump and is the number that identifies the pump type [25]. This index number is independent of the rotative speed at which the pump is operating, because any change in speed creates a change in capacity in direct proportion and a change in head that varies as the square of the speed [25]. Practice is to true type the specific speed of the pump reasonably close to the conditions of maximum effi-... 

The rotative speed of a pump is dependent upon the impeller characteristics, type fluid, NPSH available and other factors for its final determination. The most direct method is by reference to manufacturer s performance curves. VVTien a seemingly reasonable selection has been made, the effect of this selected speed on the factors such as NPSH required, suction head or lift, fluid erosion and corrosion, etc., must be evaluated. For many systems these factors are of no concern or consequence. 

Head per section is another important parameter, as the smaller the number of impellers per section, the higher the head required per compressor stage. This leads to higher rotative speeds and operation at higher Mach numbers, which in turn, tends to limit the operating range, flatten the head rise characteristic, and reduce efflciency. ... 

Sutton JC (1982) Epidemiology of wheat head blight and maize ear rot caused by Fusarium gramineamm. Can J Plant Pathol 4 195-209... 

Symptoms Fruits, heads, roots, and stems split lengthways. This can allow organisms that cause dieback or rot to enter. Apple fruits may become hollow. 

Tan, M. K., and Niessen, L. (2003). Analysis of rDNA ITS sequences to determine genetic relationships among, and provide a basis for simplified diagnosis of Fusarium species causing crown rot and head blight of cereals. Mycol. Res. 107, 811-821. 

The horizontal pumps are available for capacities up to 900 m /h (4000 gahmin) the vertical in-line pumps, for capacities up to 320 m /h (1400 gahmin). Both horizontal and vertical in-line pumps are available for heads up to 120 m (400 ft). The intent of each ANSI specification is that pumps from all vendors for a given nominal capacity and total dynamic head at a given rotative speed shall be dimensionally interchangeable with respect to mounting, size, and location of suction and discharge nozzles, input shaft, base plate, and foundation bolts. 

In our research, we proposed a post amplification analytical method to detect F. culmorum, a pathogen causing foot rot and head blight diseases in cereals, and can produce mycotoxins such as zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and other trichothecenes that can enter the food chain. The early identification of this fungal pathogen is therefore recommended in order to avoid crop losses and protect consumer health... 

The valet was reaching under the massive ducal nose to trim minute amounts of hair from the ducal mustache, ending the conversation for a few moments. I was happy to wait. Attending the head of state s levee was more pleasant than rotting in his jail. 

Two species of nuthatch, the brown-headed nuthatch of North America (Sitta pusilla) and the orange-winged sittella (Neositta chrysoptera) of Australia, are known to manipulate small twigs with their beaks for use in drawing insects within reach from deep in bark crevices or rotted wood. These are rare examples of the use of tools by birds. 

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