Causing Fungi

Leaves with yellow, brown, or black spots. Cause Fungi. Several fungi cause spots on leaves. As spots enlarge, entire leaves may wither. Remove and destroy infected foliage ... 

Ayer, W.A., Y. Hoyano, I. van Altena, and Y. Hiratsuka Metabolites of Plant Disease-causing Fungi. Gremmeniella abietina. Rev. Latinoam. Quim. 13, 84 (1982). 

Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw. exists in Europe, North America, and Japan. It is one of the causative fungi causing FHB in small-grain cereals. In the northernmost area of Japan, the NIV production group in F. poae plays a role in the contamination of grains with NIV [30]. The NIV production group of F. poae was frequently found in Sweden, and NIV contamination has become a considerable concern in Scandinavia [31]. 

Other fungi are capable of producing various permanent stains on plastics. They can be blue, black, yellow or purple depending on the causative fungi and growth eonditions present on the plastic and the surrounding environment. 

Deprivation of air causes fungi to become dormant and, finally, die. Encasement in concrete or heavy bituminous coatings can shut off the air supply ordinary painting will not. Embedment of timbers in soil can also shut off access to air, but it can cause other problems. 

Use Apply by dipping or coating to lumber, timbers, fence posts, poles and other wood members for protection against termites and decay causing fungi. 

WOLMAN Treat OO wood preservative shall be used only for field treatment of previously WOLMANIZED pressure treated lumber, piling or plywood to help protect against decay causing fungi and termite attack. It conforms to AWPA Standard M-4. 

Exterior Millwork Apply by dipping, flooding or brushing to exterior millwork and other wood products for protection against wood decay, mold and stain causing fungi. 

Aquatic animals are susceptible to a variety of diseases including those caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. A range of chemicals and vacciaes has been developed for treating the known diseases, although some conditions have resisted all control attempts to date and severe restrictions on the use of therapeutants ia some nations has impaired that abiUty of aquaculturists to control disease outbreaks. The United States is a good example of a nation ia which the variety of treatment chemicals is limited (Table 6). 

Fungi. Two forms of fungi commonly encountered are molds (filamentous forms) and yeasts (unicellular forms). Molds can be quite troublesome, causing white rot or brown rot of the cooling tower wood, depending on whether they are cellulolytic (attack cellulose) or lignin degrading. Yeasts are also cellulolytic. They can produce slime in abundant amounts and preferentially colonize wood surfaces. 

Unusual service conditions that may cause corrosion, fungi, etc. 

Chirazymes. These are commercially available enzymes e.g. lipases, esterases, that can be used for the preparation of a variety of optically active carboxylic acids, alcohols and amines. They can cause regio and stereospecific hydrolysis and do not require cofactors. Some can be used also for esterification or transesterification in neat organic solvents. The proteases, amidases and oxidases are obtained from bacteria or fungi, whereas esterases are from pig liver and thermophilic bacteria. For preparative work the enzymes are covalently bound to a carrier and do not therefore contaminate the reaction products. Chirazymes are available form Roche Molecular Biochemicals and are used without further purification. 

Whilst the causative agent(s) have not been established it is thought to be multifunctional and possibilities include physical factors (humidity, temperature, lighting), static electricity, electromagnetic radiation, air ion concentrations, fungi, noise, psychological stress, and chemicals. Chemicals which are not those involved in the normal work processes can become trapped within the building, albeit at concentrations below those known to cause ill-health effects, if ... 

When exposure is repeated, the allergen binds between two adjacent IgE molecules. This causes release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, chemotactic factors). These act locally and cause smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, mucous gland secretion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and eosinophils). However, histamine can also be released by non-IgE-mediated mechanisms (e.g., due to exposure to certain fungi). 463... 

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