Hazard Identification and Analysis

Has an effective safety and health program (for example, safety procedures, training, hazard identification and analysis) been established to protect personnel on the work site, including employees and contractors If no, explain. 

A number of hazard identification and analysis techniques (e.g., HAZOP), can be applied to identify, analyze, and reduce and/or mitigate the process hazards, which includes handling of reactive chemicals and energetic reactions. Chapter 4 provides an overview of these kinds of techniques as related to reactive chemicals mote detailed reviews of hazards analysis techniques are included in [2,3]. 

Fig. 1. Applicability of various hazards identification and analysis methodologies during various phases of the design process.

In this chapter we will attempt to describe a concise framework for the development of hazards identification and analysis techniques. It is based on the following premises ... 

The implications of these four stipulations are very important and determine the logic, character, and implementation of the hazards identification and analysis approach discussed in this chapter. Specifically, we can conclude the following ... 

The Type A investigation of a sodium potassium (NaK) accident that occurred at the Y-12 plant on December 8, 1999, identified a lack of understanding of the hazard from NaK and its reactive byproducts as one of the root causes of the accident. The investigation found that personnel involved in planning the task, the safety documentation for the facility, the procedure for the task, and the procedures supporting hazard identification and analysis did not address the complete NaK hazard. The investigation also determined that detailed hazard identification data supported by accident analysis and appropriate control information was readily available. 

The first section includes general requirements that are applicable to all chemical procurements. Key to this chapter are the requirements for hazard identification and analysis prior to purchasing chemicals that are consolidated in sections ... 

If hazard identification and analysis do not relate to actual causal factors, corrective actions will be misdirected and ineffective. 

If hazard identification and analysis do not relate to actual causal factors, the resulting corrective actions proposed will be misdirected and ineffective. A superior quality of incident investigation is required to identify and evaluate actual causal factors so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken. 

Discussions of achievements with safety professionals whose oiganiza-tions had top scores did not produce any surprises. Incident investigation for hazard identification and analysis gets done best where the organization s culture includes accountability for superior performance. Here is an aggregate Mst of the conoments made in discussions with safety professionals in those entities with the best incident investigation systems ... 

System safety is hazards-focused, as are all the subsets of the practice of safety, whatever they are called. System safety commences with hazard identification and analysis. Do that poorly, and all that follows is misdirected. Applications of the hazard analysis and risk assessment methods developed in the evolution of system safety have been successful. The generalist in safety practice ought to know more about them. As a minimum, generalist safety practitioners should be knowledgeable about these methods Preliminary Hazard Analysis What-If Analysis and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. (See Chapter 14, Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment. )... 

These provisions presume that the culture and the management commitment include upstream design and engineering considerations and knowledge of hazard identification and analysis and risk assessment methodologies. 

Presented system consists of several modules, each connected with different aspect of functional safety analysis. There is a hazard identification and analysis module, which generates the risk scenarios and descriptions of safety-related functions. Next module is risk analysis and assessment, which allow determining required SIL for each safety function. The last... 

In contrast, the Department of Energy s MORT-based approach provides excellent accident investigation, audit, and appraisal tools oriented to ongoing operations. Despite emphasis on the importance of the upstream process, however, system safety programs based on MORT tend to lack the early, detailed, systematic hazard identification and analysis efforts that are characteristic of MIL-STD-882B programs. 

The job safety analysis (JSA) [also referred to as the job hazard analysis (JHA)], which is a more simplified form of task analysis, has been a longstanding tool for task and function analysis. JSA has been available and utilized in general industry for many years by the industrial safety community. However, many practitioners do not understand or are simply unfamiliar with the connection between the JSA and the system safety tasks of hazard identification and analysis. It has even been suggested by some in the profession that the JSA itself is a type of oversimplified system safety analysis and, if performed earlier in the job development phase, could be used as the basis of a preliminary hazard analysis for a specific task or set of tasks. However, because JSA is often (if improperly) used to analyze a function only after it has been implemented, much of the data is not factored into the system safety process. The primary purpose of the JSA is to uncover inherent or potential hazards that may be encountered in the work environment. This basic definition is not unlike that previously discussed regarding the various system safety analyses. The primary difference between the two is subtle but important and is found in the end-use purpose of the JSA. Once the job or task is completed, the JSA is usually used as an effective tool for training and orienting the new employee into the work environment. The JSA presents a verbal picture of a specific job. 

Figure 4.1 shows a typical job safety analysis form that can be utilized by any organization wishing to capitalize on this basic method of hazard identification and analysis. It should be noted again that it is most ideal if the task supervisor completes each JSA for those operations under his/her direction. This makes sense since... 

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