Appraisal tools

Appraisal activity should be based upon the information required. The first step is therefore to determine what uncertainties appraisal is trying to reduce, and then what information is required to tie down those uncertainties. For example, if fluid contacts are a major source of uncertainty, drilling wells to penetrate the contacts is an appropriate tool seismic data or well testing may not be. Other examples of appraisal tools are  

It is worth noting that if field development using horizontal wells is under consideration, then horizontal appraisal wells will help to gather representative data and determine the benefits of this technique, which is further discussed in Section 9.3. 

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Seismic surveys are traditionally an exploration and appraisal tool. However, 3-D seismic is now being used more widely as a development tool, i.e. applied for assisting in selecting well locations, and even in identifying remaining oil in a mature field. This was discussed in Section 2.0. Seismic data acquired at the appraisal stage of the field life is therefore likely to find further use during the development period. 

Figure 3-3 The top tiers of the MORT chart. The chart is a fault tree used as both an inspection or appraisal tool and as an accident investigation guide.

Extreme value projection. A relatively quick and simple risk-projection method that aids in determining whether a specific mishap was typical of the operation or a fluke caused by a specific failure or change not typical of the system. Also useful as an appraisal tool, it requires special graph paper. 

In contrast, the Department of Energy s MORT-based approach provides excellent accident investigation, audit, and appraisal tools oriented to ongoing operations. Despite emphasis on the importance of the upstream process, however, system safety programs based on MORT tend to lack the early, detailed, systematic hazard identification and analysis efforts that are characteristic of MIL-STD-882B programs. 

Transport Safety Victoria. 2014. Safety culture elements and sub-elements organizational safety culture appraisal tool. Transport Safety Victoria. http //www.transportsafety. vic.gov.au/rail-safety/safety-improvement/organisational-safety-culture-appraisal-tool/ using-oscat/safety-culture-elements, downloaded February 28, 2014. 

Petroleum economics provides the tools with which to quantify and assess the financial risks involved in field exploration, appraisal and development, and allows a consistent approach with which alternative investments can be compared. The techniques are applied to advise management on the attractiveness of such investment opportunities, to assist in selecting the best options, and to determine how to maximise the value of existing assets. 

The above method of testing an hypothesis has proved a very effective tool in burn-out analysis, and has been a great help in appraising the many burn-out theories and correlations that have appeared in the literature. 

Health economics is the application of the discipline of economics to the topic of health. When viewed in this light, health economics becomes first and foremost a way of thinking based on the principles of scarcity and the need for choice. Although the techniques of economic appraisal (to be discussed later in this chapter) are the principal ways in which the discipline is applied, they are merely the toolkit. The use of these tools without a proper understanding of the principles upon which they are based can be both ineffective and misleading. ... 

Oborn, I., Edwards, A.C., Witter, E., Oenema, O., Ivarsson, K., Withers, P.J.A., Nilsson, S.I. and Richer Stinzing, A. 2003. Element balances as a tool for sustainable nutrient management a critical appraisal of their merits and limitations within an agronomic and environmental context. European Journal of Agronomy 20 211-225. 

Components of sources of uncertainty were systematically considered, in the context of the following characteristics level of uncertainty, appraisal of the knowledge base and subjectivity of choices, the last two of which include several components (see section 5.1). For appraisal of the knowledge base, these are accuracy, reliability, plausibility, scientific consistency and robustness. For subjectivity of choices, these are choice space, intersubjectivity among peers and stakeholders, influence of situational limitations (e.g. money, tools and time) on choices, sensitivity of choices to the analysts interests and influence of choices on results. 

Our appreciation of the magnitude and, in fact, the presence of air pollution problem on vegetation is rooted in our understanding of the acute responses of plants to toxicants. While this approach deals with only our initial appraisal of the problem, it has been a valuable tool and an important first step in understanding the dosimetry of toxic response in plants. O. Clifton Taylor discusses the variety of acute responses exhibited on a number of horticultural and agronomic crops. 

The second tool the AIAG provided was a basic blueprint for getting at percent gage R R.They assigned measurement repeatability to equipment variability (EV) and reproducibility to appraiser variability (AV). The AIAG R R further defines PV as the actual part-to-part variation. Part variation can represent the process, the product, or the sample variation depending on how the measurement analysis is set up. 

Do all appraisers have access to the same evaluation tools ... 

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