Hazardous waste, recycling

EPA. 1992a. Environmental Protection Agency. Hazardous waste management system Identification and listing of hazardous waste recycled used oil management standards final rule. Fed Regist 57 4156641626. 

Hazardous Waste Recycling, Used Oil, and Universal Wastes.440... 

Hazardous waste recycling and universal wastes To provide for the safe recycling of hazardous wastes and facilitate the management of commonly recycled materials, RCRA includes provisions for hazardous waste recycling and universal wastes. 

Since waste recycling and recovery are the major components of RCRA s goals, they must be implemented consistently with proper hazardous waste management. As a result, RCRA contains provisions to ensure safe hazardous waste recycling and to facilitate the management of commonly recycled wastestreams. 

HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING, USED OIL, AND UNIVERSAL WASTES... 

U.S. EPA, Definition of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Recycling Module, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, April 2006. 

Hazardous waste collection Hazardous waste reduction Hazardous waste toxicity reduction Hazardous waste recycling... 

Spent fluorescent lamps and mercury vapor lamps contain mercury in sufficient quantities to be considered hazardous wastes. Recycling facilities exist to recover the mercury content of these lamps. 

Quantities of hazardous and non-hazardous waste recycled (tonnes)... 

EPA. 1992a. Hazardous waste management system Identification and Listing of hazardous waste recycled used oil management standards. Part IX Relationship to other programs-International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final Rule. Federal Register. 57 FR 41605. September 10, 1992. 

The quantity of hazardous waste recycled has remained constant at about 650 000 tonnes. In 1997,31000 tonnes were sent for landfill, but this increased to 53 000 tonnes in 1998 mainly as a result of cleaning up a newly acquired site in the USA. The quantity of hazardous waste sent for thermal treatment (incineration and wet air oxidation) also increased from 224000 to 265 000 tonnes. 

Recycling figures are given for the quantities of hazardous and non hazardous waste recycled, and a number of recycling initiatives are cited in the report. These include ... 

The surviving U.S. plants have embraced all types of waste treatment processes (see Wastes treatment, hazardous waste Wastes, industrial). The most desired poUution prevention processes are those which reduce the total amount of waste discharged. Treatment and disposal are less strongly emphasized options. Zero wastewater discharge faciHties and water recycling processes are becoming more common (55,56). 

Based on the evidence that acceptable recycled petroleum products can be produced, there is a considerable legislative record encouraging the recycling of used oil. Starting with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1976 (20), used oil was held apart from the normal hazardous waste system because the oil was viewed as a valuable commodity. This was followed by the Used Oil Recycling Act in 1980 (33), which removed any federal requirement that lubricants containing re-refined base oil carry special labeling. 

Waste Reduction, Recycling, Treatment, and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes The Fouith Biennial Repoii, CaUfornia, 1988, p. 110. 

If the solid waste is inert and nontoxic, it can generally be landfilled. Hazardous wastes will have more stringent procedures for disposal. In some cases, the solid waste may have value and can be sold or recycled. 

For PM applications, wet scrubbers generate waste in the form of a slurry or wet sludge. This creates the need for both wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal. Initially, the slurry is treated to separate the solid waste from the water. The treated water can then be reused or discharged. Once the water is removed, the remaining waste will be in the form of a solid or sludge. If the solid waste is inert and nontoxic, it can generally be landfilled. Hazardous wastes will have more stringent procedures for disposal. In some cases, the solid waste may have value and can be sold or recycled. 

Enter in the spaces provided, the name and address of each location (other than POTWs) to which you ship or transfer wastes containing toxic chemicals. Do not include locations to which you ship the toxic chemical for recycle or reuse, tf you do not ship ortransfer wastes containing toxic chemicals to offsite locations, enter not applicable, NA in the off-site location name line of 2.1. Also enter the EPA Identification Number (RCRA I.D. Number) for each such location if known to you. This number may be found on the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest, which is required by RCRA regulations. Also indicate in the space provided whether the location is owned or controlled by yourfacility or your parent company. If thefacility does not have a RCRA 1.0. number, enter not applicable, NA, in this space. 

It is the formation of this material which makes the reaction have a low atom economy and, owing to the cost of disposal (usually by conversion to calcium phosphate and disposal as hazardous waste), has limited its commercial usefulness to high value products. Several methods have been developed to recycle (Ph)3PO into (Ph)3P but these have proved more complex than might be expected. Typically the oxide is converted to the chloride which is reduced by heating with aluminium. Overall this recovery is expensive and also produces significant amounts of waste. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. Disposal of used mineral oil hydraulic fluids is regulated as used oil under the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and as amended by the Used Oil Recycling Act (42 U.S.C. 6901, 6905, 6935, 6937-6939, and 6074, see 40 CFR parts 260, 261, 266, 271, and 279). Used mineral oil hydraulic fluids to be recycled are not listed as hazardous wastes and can be burned for energy recovery or recycled. In general, the newer mineral oil hydraulic fluids (including water-in-oil emulsion fluids) do not contain known chemicals or other materials that are listed in 40 CFR 261 (RCRA) and can be burned for energy recovery or recycled. However, this may not apply to some of the older hydraulic fluids, particularly those containing PCBs. 

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