Hairless mouse skin, effect

Madiraju, C. Master s thesis. Transport of timolol across hairless mouse skin effect of chiral terpene enhancers. The University of Louisiana at Monroe, LA, 2001. 

J.-C. Tsai, M. J. Cappel, N. D. Weiner, G. L. Flynn, and J. Ferry. Solvent effects on the harvesting of stratum corneum from hairless mouse skin through adhesive tape stripping in vitro. Int. J. Pharm. 68 127-133 (1991). 

Walters and Olejnik s ( H) data on methyl nicotinate transfer through hairless mouse skin. All indicate maximal activity residing with the C22 ether. Not only do the latter two studies indicate a falling off in effectiveness as the chain length is increased to and Cia but they also indicate that the oleyl (unsaturated chain) ethers are more active than their saturated analogues. 

In the light of these observations and the newer trends in product formulation, it was decided to study the in vitro release and permeation of propranolol hydrochloride from various hydrophilic polymeric matrices using the cellulose membrane and the hairless mouse skin as the diffusion barriers and to evaluate the effects of some of the additive ingredients known to enhance drug release from dermatological bases. 

Table 6—Effect of DMSO on the permeability of propranolol hydrochloride from Methocel matrix diffusion experiment through hairless mouse skin...

Monti D, Giannelli R, Chetoni P, Burgalassi S. Comparison of the effect of ultrasound and of chemical enhancers on transdermal permeation of caffeine and morphine through hairless mouse skin in vitro. Int J Pharm 2001 229 131-137. 

When investigating the effects of water on transdermal permeation, animal skin may yield results markedly different to human data. For example, hairless mouse skin is unsuitable for modeling human stratum corneum regarding hydration effects the murine skin, when hydrated for 24 h, became grossly more permeable than human skin membranes [8]. Thus water effects on skin permeability obtained using animal models need cautious assessment. 

Terpenes continue to be a popular choice as experimental enhancers for delivering materials across skin membranes. For example, L-menthol facilitated in vitro permeation of morphine hydrochloride through hairless rat skin [37], imipramine hydrochloride across rat skin [59], and hydrocortisone through hairless mouse skin [60]. Recently, niaouli oil was found to be the most effective of six essential oils in promoting estradiol penetration through hairless mouse skin [61]. It is noteworthy that there is currently little control on the topical use of most terpenes, and many aromatherapy oils and formulations contain appreciable quantities of these chemicals. Their excessive use offers potential for permeation of hazardous compounds from the same formulations into the skin some terpenes also have pharmacological activity. 

Monti, D., et al. 2002. Effect of different terpene-containing essential oils on permeation of estradiol through hairless mouse skin. Int J Pharm 237 209. 

It was shown that liposomes, due to their structure, have a retarding effect on the incorporated drug release. In early studies, Knepp et al. reported that progesterone release from agarose gel was faster than from liposomes embedded in the gel [29]. This retarding release behavior from liposomes was further confirmed by a lower drug transport rate as compared to the gel measured across hairless mouse skin [30], Another study by Foldvari et al. [8] examined the... 

However, not all studies support the belief that urea is an effective penetration promoter.25,58-61 For instance, the latency time to induce erythema was not changed by three-weeks treatment with a moisturizer containing 5% urea62 or by pre-treatment of forearm skin with an aqueous solution of 10% urea.59 Moreover, urea (10%) had a minimal effect on the penetration of hydrocortisone through excised human and guinea pig skin.58 Hydrocortisone acetate was even retarded through hairless mouse skin with increasing concentrations of urea (up to 12%).25... 

Skin is also an important target organ for estrogens. The estrogenic effect on skin is well characterized, as well as the effect of estrogen withdrawal. A major effect of estrogen is the increased levels of HA deposition and the associated water of hydration. Topical estrogens are also able to enhance HA deposition in skin, as documented in the hairless mouse skin model.280... 

Gendimenico, GJ. et al., Topical estrogens their effects on connective tissue synthesis in hairless mouse skin, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 294, 231, 2002. 

Effects of Ethanol on the Transport of /3-Estradiol in Hairless Mouse Skin... 

This paper describes the striking effects of ethanol on the transport of 3-estradiol in hairless mouse skin. 

The purpose of this report is to present results on (a) the effect of ethanol on the transport of 8-estradiol across hairless mouse skin and (b) the effect upon the effective permeability coefficient as solvent compositions are independently varied in the donor and receiver chambers. Also, since there is evidence for pore formation, at least at the highest ethanol levels, a novel pore model... 

Sloan, K. B., Sherertz. E. F., and McTicman, R. G., The effect of structure of Mannich bases prodmgs on their ability to deliver theophylline and 5-fluorouracyl through hairless mouse skin, Im. J. Pharm., 44, 87. 1988. 

Saab, A. N Sloan, K. B Beall, H. D and Villanueva, R Effect of aminomethyl (N-Mannich base) derivatization on the ability of S -acctyloxymethyl-6-mercaptopurine prodrug to deliver 6-mercaptopurine through hairless mouse skin. / Pharm. Sci.. 79, 1099,... 

As previously discussed, electron, light, and confocal microscopy techniques may be used to visualize the position of electron-dense precipitates, radioactive substances, and fluorescent probes, respectively, in the sample tissue. However, none of these techniques possess the capability both to visualize and to selectively measure the flux of a molecule across the skin. SECM, however, permits the measurement and subsequent imaging of the local flux of an electroactive species across biological membranes. Scott et al. [3] used SECM to investigate the effect of pretreatment of the penetration enhancer sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the ion transport rate and transport pathways of Fe(CN) across hairless mouse skin. Increasing the time of SDS exposure from 10 min to 30 min increased the overall (porous and nonporous) transport of Fe(CN) by 17-fold. More specifically, the SDS-induced increase in Fe(CN)g transport was found to be associated with nonporous (i.e., intercellular) transport routes, while transport via porous routes was significantly reduced. The fraction of Fe(CN)g transport through pores, as measured by... 

Kai, T. et al. Mechanism of percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of n-alkanols on the permeability barrier of hairless mouse skin. Journal of Controlled Release 72 103-112, 1990. 

Ghanem, A.-H. et al. The effects of ethanol on the transport of B-estradiol and other permeants in hairless mouse skin II. A new quantitative approach. Journal of Controlled Release 6 75-83, 1987. 

Bond, J. R. and Barry, B. W. Hairless mouse skin is limited as a model for assessing the effects of penetration enhancers in human skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 90(6) 810-813, 1988. 

Kunta, J.R. Goskonda, V.R. Brotherton, H.O. Khan, M.A. Reddy, I.K. Effect of menthol and related terpenes on the percutaneous absorption of propranolol across excised hairless mouse skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86 (12), 1369-1372. 

Walters, K.A. Walker, M. Olejnik, O. Non-ionic surfactant effects on hairless mouse skin permeability characteristics. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1988, 40, 525-529. 

Kim, J.H. Cho, Y.J. Choi, H.K. Effect of vehicles and pressure-sensitive adhesives on the permeation of tacrine across hairless mouse skin. Int. J. Pharm. 2000, 196, 105-113. 

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