Morphine hydrochloride

Salem and Galan have developed a new method for determining the amount of morphine hydrochloride in tablets. Results, in milligrams, for several tablets containing different nominal dosages follow... 

Codeine, C18H21O3N. This alkaloid was isolated from opium by Robiquet in 1833. It occurs in opium to the extent of 0-1 to 3 per cent., and is isolated therefrom as the hydrochloride along with morphine hydrochloride in the first stage of Gregory s process. It is a methyl ether of morphine and is usually made from the latter by methylation, for which there are numerous patents. An extensive series of ethers of morphine and its isomerides, including ethers of the alcoholic hydroxyl group (Aeterocodeines) has been prepared by Faris and SmaU. ... 

Skenan (Ethypharm) numerous generics as hydrochloride Morphine Hydrochloride (Dainippon Sankyo Takeda Tanabe)... 

Figure 3. Dependence of analyte ion intensity on concentration. (A) Dependence of total current / on concentration M = mol/L of analyte ion, (Morphine)H+, i.e., MorH+, in solution. (B) Dependence of mass-analyzed MorH+ ion current in counts/s on MorH+ concentration. At low MorH+ concentrations, [MorH+] < 1CT6 M, the dominant electrolyte in the solution are impurity ions Na+ and NH4. In this region MorH+ intensity is proportional to [MorH+] in solution. Mass-analyzed ion intensity was corrected for mass-dependent transmission Tm, of quadrupole. Concentration of morphine hydrochloride given in mol/L (M). From Kebarle, P. Tang, L. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 973A, with permission.

Show how you would prepare 15 morphine hydrochloride suppositories containing 25 mg of the drug in each suppository. Assume that you are required to use cocoa butter base. 

Morphine Hydrochloride - 112° - 115° Calculated with reference to the dried substance in a 2% w/v soln. in water. 

Senel S, Duchene D, Hincal AA, Capan Y, Ponchel G (1998) In vitro studies on enhancing effect of sodium glycocholate on transbuccal permeation of morphine hydrochloride. J Control Release 51 107-113... 

Montelukast Morphine hydrochloride Morphine sulfate Muromonab-CD3 Mycophenolate Mofetil... 

The interfacial tensions of a number of aqueous solutions against mercury have been measured by McLewis, Patrick and others. The tension was lowered by addition of all the solutes examined, including mercurous sulphate, salicylic acid, picric acid, neofuchsin, morphine hydrochloride, caffeine, aniline, sodium glycocholate. All of these substances except mercurous sulphate lower the surface See p. 36. 

Natural opium alkaloids codeine phosphate hydromorphone hydrochloride morphine hydrochloride morphine sulfate oxycodone hydrochloride oxymorphone hydrochloride... 

FIGURE 8.3 Bioavailability of morphine after rectal administrations of Witepsol H-15 hollow-type suppositories containing morphine hydrochloride (MH) and CyDs in rabbits. Each value represents the mean SE of three rabbits. p < 0.05, compared with MH alone. 

Terpenes continue to be a popular choice as experimental enhancers for delivering materials across skin membranes. For example, L-menthol facilitated in vitro permeation of morphine hydrochloride through hairless rat skin [37], imipramine hydrochloride across rat skin [59], and hydrocortisone through hairless mouse skin [60]. Recently, niaouli oil was found to be the most effective of six essential oils in promoting estradiol penetration through hairless mouse skin [61]. It is noteworthy that there is currently little control on the topical use of most terpenes, and many aromatherapy oils and formulations contain appreciable quantities of these chemicals. Their excessive use offers potential for permeation of hazardous compounds from the same formulations into the skin some terpenes also have pharmacological activity. 

Morimoto, EL, et al. 2002. In vitro skin permeation of morphine hydrochloride during the finite application of penetration-enhancing system containing water, ethanol and 1-menthol. Biol Pharm Bull 25 134. 

Pannuti, F., et al. 1982. Control of chronic pain in very advanced cancer patients with morphine hydrochloride administered by oral, rectal and sublingual routes. Clinical report and preliminary results on the morphine pharmacokinetics. Pharmacol Res Commun 14 369. 

OFFICIAL NAMES Morphine sulfate or morphine hydrochloride (solutions for injection), Duramorph (for spinal use), MS Contin and Oramorph SR (long-acting, controlled release oral form), Kadian (oral, sustained release), MSIR (instant release), Roxanol (liquid concentrate)... 

Morphine is extracted first, and the resulting product can then be converted into heroin. Addicts generally do not use morphine base because it is not readily water soluble, thus not easily absorbed by the body. Further purification is required to produce a more pure product, morphine hydrochloride. This more refined morphine is commonly pressed into a2x4x5in(5xl0x2 cm) block (also called a brick ) weighing approximately 3 lb (1.3 kg). It takes approximately 28.7 lb (13 kg) of opium to produce one of these morphine blocks. 

Morphine hydrochloride can be distributed in the matrix by swelling the hydrogel in an aqueous solution of the drug. Prefabricating the polymeric carrier has the advantage over mixing with the monomers or prepolymers, that neither heat nor monomers can affect the drug. 

When a slab of the PE0/PU hydrogel 2.8mm thick was swollen to equilibrium in an aqueous solution of morphine hydrochloride at 37°C, briefly rinsed, then transferred to water at 37°C, the rate of release of morphine was, as predicted by theory, proportional to time t O and 50° 0f the morphine content was released in the first 45 minutes. The release/time plot is shown in Figure 1. Results from experiments like this one can be used to calculate diffusion coefficients (8) in fully swollen hydrogels and help interpret the complex mechanism of diffusion in swelling hydrogels. 

Figure 3 Pain threshold in mice after intraperitoneal administration of biphalin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg body weight) and morphine hydrochloride (5.66 mg/kg). Significantly different from preinjection pain threshold, P <. 01.

GB Cyclimorph (Glaxo J Morphine Hydrochloride Roxanol (Roxanc as... 

Study of morphine hydrochloride percolation threshold in Eudragit RS-PM matrices, Int. J. Pharm., 170,169-177. 

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