Growth factors and cancer

Furstenberger, G. and Senn, H. 2002. Insulin like growth factors and cancer. Lancet Oncology, 3(5), 298-302. Kostecka, Z. and Blahovec, J. 2002. Animal insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and their biological functions. Veterinami Medicina 47(2-3), 75-84. 

Furstenberger, G. Senn, H. (2002). Insulin-hke growth factors and cancer. Lancet Oncol. 3(5), 298-302. 

Growth factor and hormone signalling cascades link mTORCl dysregulation to cancer and Hamartoma syndromes. 

Liu, L.Z. et al., Apigenin inhibits expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in human lung cancer cells implication of chemoprevention of lung cancer, Mol. Pharmacol., 68, 635, 2005. 

Lee AV, Cui X, Oesterreich S (2002) Cross-talk among estrogen receptor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor signaling in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 7(12 Suppl) 4429s... 

Lee AV, Yee D (1995) Insulin-like growth factors and breast cancer. Biomed Pharma-cother 49 415-421... 

Examples of the early application of recombinant DNA technology in medicine are the development of recombinant human growth hormone human insulin human interferons, thought to have anticancer activity in addition to antiviral activity interleukins (regulatory proteins from lymphocytes that are believed to be important in the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases and cancer) tumor necrosis factor epidermal and bone marrow progenitor cell growth factors and the production of vaccines (Table 12.1). 

Reprinted from The European Journal of Cancer, Volume 27, E. Gerhardi, Growth factors and cell movement. Pages 403-405, Copyright 1991, with kind permission from Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington 0X5 1GB, U.K. 

Starling N, Cunningham D. Monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothehal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in advanced colorectal cancers present and future directions. Curr Opin Oncol 2004 16 385-90. 

Dong M, Nio Y, Guo KJ, et al. Epidermal growth factor and its receptor as prognostic indicators in Chinese patients with pancreatic cancer. Anticancer Res 1998 18 4613-4619. 

Volm M, Koomagi R, Mattern J. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor Fit-1 in squamous cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 1997 74 64-68. 

Another important family of kinases for drug discovery is the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These are proline-directed serine/threonine kinases that activate their substrates by dual-phosphorylation. MAPK enzymes are activated by a variety of signals including growth factors and cytokines, discussed in chapter 6. The MAPK family plays a critical role in cell cycle progression. Small molecule inhibitors of MAPK may have utility in the treatment of cancer. 

Merighi S, Benini A, Mirandola P, Gessi S, Varani K, Simioni C, Leung E, Maclennan S, Baraldi PG, Borea PA (2007a) Caffeine inhibits adenosine-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-lalpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8 expression in hypoxic human colon cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 72(2) 395-406... 

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