Lung cancer squamous cell

Hypercalcemia occurs in 10% to 30% of patients with cancer during the course of their disease. The most common tumor types associated with hypercalcemia are breast cancer squamous cell carcinomas of the head, neck, and lung and renal cancer. 

LRP1B Loss-of-function (sporadic) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, nonsmall-cell lung cancer... 

The histological types of lung cancer seen to excess in uranium miners reflect those in the population at large (Masse, 1984). These occur almost entirely in bronchial airways. Approximately 207 are adenocarcinomas which occur in peripheral bronchioles (Spencer, 1977) where there are no basal cells. Squamous cell cancers predominate in miners exposed early in life to relatively low concentrations of radon daughters (Saccomanno et aJL., 1982). These are considered likely to arise from the secretory small mucous granular cells which undergo cell division and extend to the epithelial surface (Masse, personal communication). Division of these cells is accelerated after irritation by toxicants such as cigarette smoke or infectious diseases (Trump et a L., 1978). 

The major cell types are SCLC (-15% of all lung cancers), adenocarcinoma (-50%), squamous cell carcinoma (less than 30%), and large cell carcinoma. The last three types are grouped together and referred to as NSCLC. 

Ichinose, Y. et al., Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of bestatin in patients with resected stage I squamous-cell lung carcinoma, J Natl Cancer Inst, 95, 605, 2003. 

The distinction between various types of cancer found in the lung requires pathological examination (Yesner, 1978a and b). There are five major and seven minor separate categories (Yesner and Van Hoff, 1979) based on cell type, but more than 50 percent of these occur as combined forms. The range of cells involved may be from stem cells to highly differentiated adeno or squamous cells. If the carcinoma is confined to squamous cell, either smallcell (oat or lymphocyte types) or large-cell adenocarcinoma, one can confidently describe it, but usually the affected tissue contains more than one cell type in close proximity to each other. 

It has been postulated that wood dust carcinoma results from a multistep process Exposure causes loss of cilia and hyperplasia of the goblet cells and initiation of cuboidal cell metaplasia, followed (after a quiescent period) by squamous cell metaplasia. Decades later, cellular aplasia leads to nasal adenocarcinoma. The time between first occupational exposure to wood dust and the development of nasal cavity adenocarcinoma averages 40 years. Other cancers, including lung cancer, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma, stomach cancer, and colorectal cancer and lymphosarcoma, have been mentioned in relation to wood... 

In addition to in vivo studies in models of CML, BMS-354825 has also been studied in models of solid tumors. BMS-354825 was efficacious in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer animal models [151]. Based on this activity, BMS-354825 has been advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors. 

---