Adenosine inhibition

Purinergic signalling is also concerned with longterm events, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and death associated with development and regeneration [1, 3, 4]. For example, a,(3-methylene ATP produces proliferation of glial cells, whereas adenosine inhibits proliferation. A p2y8 receptor was... 

A number of studies have shown that adenosine inhibits neuronal firing both in vitro and in vivo and is itself released during intense neuronal activity. It can protect against PTZ seizures in rodents while the antagonist theophylline is proconvulsant. No clear picture of its role in human epilepsy has emerged. 

Hollins, C. and Stone, T. W., Adenosine inhibition of aminobutyric release from slices of rat cerebral cortex, British Journal of Pharmocology, 69, 107, 1980. 

Yang, K., Fujita, T. 8r Kumamoto, E. (2004). Adenosine inhibits GABAergic and glycinergic transmission in adult rat substantia gelatinosa neurons. /. Neurophysiol. 92 (5), 2867-77. 

Rainnie, D. G., et al. (1994). Adenosine inhibition of mesopontine cholinergic neurons implications for EEG arousal. Science 263, 689-92. 

Adenosine inhibits the evoked release of excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate (Poll et al. 

Smooth muscle relaxation, central nervous system (CNS) excitation, and cardiac stimulation are the principal pharmacological effects observed in patients treated with theophylline. The action of theophylline on the respiratory system is easily seen in the asthmatic by the resolution of obstruction and improvement in pulmonary function. Other mechanisms that may contribute to the action of theophylline in asthma include antagonism of adenosine, inhibition of mediator release, increased sympathetic activity, alteration in immune cell function, and reduction in respiratory muscle fatigue. Theophylline also may exert an antiinflammatory effect through its ability to modulate inflammatory mediator release and immune cell function. 

Purines act both pre- and postsynaptically. Adenosine inhibits the release of NE and ACh in autonomic neuronal terminals, and both adenosine and ATP function as pre- and... 

Hasko G, Linden J, Cronstein B, Pacher P (2008) Adenosine receptors therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7 759-770 Hentschel S, Lewerenz A, Nieber K (2003) Activation of A3 receptors by endogenous adenosine inhibits synaptic transmission during hypoxia in rat cortical neurones. Res Neurol Neurosd 21 55-63... 

Hughes PJ, Holgate ST, Church MK (1984) Adenosine inhibits and potentiates IgE-dependent histamine release from human lung mast cells by an A2-purinoceptor mediated mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 33 3847-3852... 

In 1972 Ginsborg and Hirst (1972) described for the first time that the nucleoside adenosine inhibited acetylcholine release at the rat-diaphragm neuromuscular junction and that this effect was abolished by theophylline. This observation was soon supported by Ribeiro and Walker (1975) using the frog neuromuscular junction preparation. 

LaMonica DA, Frohloff N, Dobson JG (1985) Adenosine inhibition of catecholamine-stimulated cardiac membrane adenylate cyclase. Am J Physiol 248(5 Pt 2) H737-H744 Lasley RD, Narayan P, Jahania MS, Partin EL, Kraft KR, Mentzer RM Jr (1999) Species-dependent hemodynamic effects of adenosine A,-receptor agonists IB-MECA and Cl-IB-MECA. Am J Physiol 276 6 Pt 2 H2076-H2084... 

Broussas M, Cornillet-Leftbvre P, Potron G, Nguyen P (2002) Adenosine inhibits tissue factor expression by LPS-stimulated human monocytes involvement of the A adenosine receptor. Thromb Haemost 88(1) 123-130... 

Butler JJ, Mader JS, Watson CL, Zhang H, Blay J, Hoskin DW (2003) Adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 co-stimulatory molecules role of interleu-kin-2 and cyclic AMP signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 89(5) 975—991... 

Knight D, Zheng X, Rocchini C, Jacobson M, Bai T, Walker B (1997) Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation inhibits migration of human eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 62(4) 465-468 Kreckler LM, Wan TC, Ge Z-D, Auchampach JA (2006) Adenosine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a release from mouse peritoneal macrophages via A2a and A2B but not the A3 adenosine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 317(1) 172—180... 

Lukashev D, Ohta A, Sitkovsky M (2007) Hypoxia-dependent anti-inflammatory pathways in protection of cancerous tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 26(2) 273-279 MacKenzie WM, Hoskin DW, Blay J (1994) Adenosine inhibits the adhesion of anti-CD3-activated killer lymphocytes to adenocarcinoma cells through an A3 receptor. Cancer Res 54(13)3521-3526... 

Wu LG, Saggau P (1994) Adenosine inhibits evoked synaptic transmission primarily by reducing presynaptic calcium influx in area CA1 of hippocampus. Neuron 12 1139—48 Wu LG, Saggau P (1995) GABAB receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in guinea-pig hippocampus is caused by reduction of presynaptic Ca2+ influx. J Physiol 485 649-57 Wu LG, Saggau P (1997) Presynaptic inhibition of elicited neurotransmitter release. Trends Neurosci 20 204—12... 

The possibility that Ai receptors influence targets downstream of calcium entry has also been proposed because, at the amphibian neuromuscular junction, adenosine inhibited acetylcholine release by a mechanism that did not depend on calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal (Hunt et al. 1994 Robitaille et al. 1999). This downstream pathway may also involve G-protein Py subunits (Blackmer et al. 2001). 

Fredholm BB, Dunwiddie TV (1988) How does adenosine inhibit transmitter release Trends Pharmacol Sci 9 130-4... 

Giniatulhn RA, Sokolova EM (1998) ATP and adenosine inhibit transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction through distinct presynaptic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 124 839 44 Ginsborg BL, Hirst GD (1972) The effect of adenosine on the release of the transmitter from the phrenic nerve of the rat. J Physiol 224 629 15... 

Gubitz AK, Widdowson L, Kurokawa M et al (1996) Dual signalling by the adenosine A2a receptor involves activation of both N- and P-type calcium channels by different G proteins and protein kinases in the same striatal nerve terminals. J Neurochem 67 374-81 Haas HL, Greene RW (1988) Endogenous adenosine inhibits hippocampal CA1 neurones further evidence from extra- and intracellular recording. Naunyn Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 1988 337 561-5... 

Hillion J, Canals M, Torvinen M et al (2002) Coaggregation, cointemalization, and codesensitization of adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. Biol Chem 277 18091-7 Hollins C, Stone TW (1980) Adenosine inhibition of y-aminobutyric acid release from slices of rat cerebral cortex. Br J Pharmacol 69 107-12... 

Interestingly, human platelets resuspended in rat plasma retain adenosine inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation, whereas rat platelets resuspended in human plasma behave like rat PRP, suggesting that the non-inhibitory effect of adenosine in rat PRP is an intrinsic... 

Paul SI, Feoktistov I, Hollister AS, Robertson D, Biaggioni, I, Adenosine inhibits the rise in intracellular calcium and platelet aggregation produced by thrombin Evidence that both effects are coupled to adenylate cyclase. Mol Pharmacol 1990,37 870-875. 

There have been frequent difficulties relating physiological effects to cyclic AMP levels. For example, adenosine inhibits the effect of noradrenaline on cyclic AMP accumulation in rat fat cells but does not interfere with the lipolytic effect of the catecholamine [58]. Both ACTH and its o-nitrophenyl sulphenyl derivative stimulate corticosterone synthesis in isolated rat adrenal cells to the same maximal rate, but the analogue has a 30- to 100-fold smaller effect than ACTH on cyclic AMP accumulation [60]. 

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