Graphical display unit

The operation of instrumentation must be checked from the field to the control room graphics display unit or local controller I/O registers as applicable, depending on the type of system installed, and vice versa. The operation of control instrumentation (e.g., control valves, actuated on/off valves) should be checked by energizing each control system field output from either the control room display or local controller as applicable, and observing and recording the results. 

Fig. 13 Graphical display unit showing flow diagram with superimposed analog values...

Fig. 14 Graphical display unit showing sequencing scheme...

Once the worker has a display which enables the whole furnace unit to be monitored at a glance, it is then necessary to supply more detailed information on each individual furnace. This display should represent the process in a way which facilitates comprehension of the heat transfer stages and provides all relevant information required to fulfill the objecHves of safe and efficient firing. Figure 7.17 presents a recommended graphic display at a more detailed level of system description. 

For graphical display of the results, we have chosen semilogarithmic curves with potential (measured against hydrogen in the same solution) as ordinate and current per unit mass of the test substance as abscissa. 

The small, compact printer can be utilized where the larger Datagram Readout Unit is not needed or convenient, i.e., for quick readout in field locations, or where a graphic display is not necessary. The choice of two readout systems allows maximum versatility and economy for both the large, multiplant, multiproblem user, as well as the small, single substance installation. 

The conversion from a connection table to other unambiguous representations is substantially more difficult. The connection table is the least structured representation and incorporates no concepts of chemical significance beyond the list of atoms, bonds, and connections. A complex set of rules must be applied in order to derive nomenclature and linear notation representations. To translate from these more structured representations to a connection table requires primarily the interpretation of symbols and syntax. The opposite conversion, from the connection table to linear notation, nomenclature, or coordinate representation first requires the detailed analysis of the connection table to identify appropriate substructural units. The complex ordering rules of the nomenclature or notation system or the esthetic rules for graphic display are then applied to derive the desired representation. 

The Computer. AXIS is written in FORTRAN and runs on a GEC 4000 series multi-user mini computer equipped with a Graphics Option Controller (GOC) model 5250, manufactured by Sigma Electronic Systems Ltd. This device converts an alphanumeric visual display unit into a graphics terminal, allowing independent use of the alphanumeric and graphics screens. In addition, it provides cursor handling facilities and the ability to selectively erase part of the screen. All of these features are utilised by AXIS. 

During operation, the MULVFS is powered by 480-V three-phase AC power from the ship and is controlled by an Apple 11 computer programmed to disconnect the power in the event of a short circuit or imbalance in load. The computer also monitors the flow rate of one pump unit and records and graphically displays this information along with elec-... 

The mid-range workstations offer 10 to 15 MIPS performance, with numeric processing at 1 to 2 MFLOPS, drawing rates of 200,000 to 400,0(X) v/s and 20,000 p/s. Their higher performance arises from so-call RISC architecture (Reduced Instruction Set CPU), which allow the computer to perform fewer tasks per CPU instruction. They also utilize faster, proprietary graphics display processors and larger display memory, which allows more colors and multiple windows. These units cost between 30,000 and 70,000, and they probably make up the bulk of recent CAMD woikstation purchases. They are suitable for solid model display and manipulation of small molecules, and wireframe and dot-surface display of macromolecules. Molecular mechanics and dynamics calcinations on small molecules and ensembles can be run in batch mode on these machines, and the results can be displayed and manipulated interactively. 

Meters with calibrated scales were used for readout in early AA instruments. Nowadays, digital displays and graphical presentation of signals on the screen of video display units are used. Analytical results can be made as a hard copy on a chart recorder, a printer, or a plotter. A typical hard copy of the analytical results is shown in Figure 27. 

The ELBT Program on the CD accompanying the printed volume permits to search, retrieve, display and export the 3316 numerical data sets in the five formats PDF, SELF, ELDATA, and the XML versions of SELF and ELDATA described in Chap. 2.1, 3.5.2, and 3.5.3. The SI units of pressure, temperature, volume and molar energy in the ELDATA numerical and graphical displays may be converted into several practical units. The Program permits in some cases the correlation of the experimental data and the calculation of derived data (Chap. 3.5.6) and save the results of the calculations in separate files (Chap. 3.5.7). 

Other devices (visual display units, graphic cards, printers, plotters, and mice)... 

At each level of the synthesis process, the appropriate synthesis task can be performed automatically (by a set of algorithms and rules), or manually (by the user through the user interface). The user interface graphically displays the units, connections, and the state tables. This permits the user to comprehend the complete behavior and structure of the design at each level of abstraction. 

The APIX2 link is a further development of the first APIX generation system by the company Inova Semiconductors. The APIX2 version offers a data transfer rate of 3 Gbit/s for two independent video channels, which allows fast video-, audio- and bidirectional communication or control data transfer. Also, greater distances between host controller (unit send graphic) and the display unit can be bridged. 

For general-purpose controllers, Kc is dimensionless. This situation occurs when p and e in Eq. 8-2 have the same units. For example, the units could be associated with electronic or pneumatic instruments (mA, volts, psi, etc.). For digital implementation, p and e are often expressed as numbers between 0 and 100%. The latter representation is especially convenient for graphical displays using computer control software. 

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