Grafted onto polybutadiene copolymer

Graft copolymers are also used as compatibilizers to tie together different phases. HIPS contains PS grafted onto polybutadiene backbones. This allows stress or strain to be transferred from the PS to the polybutadiene phase transferring energy that might break the brittle PS to the more flexible polybutadiene phase. That is why HIPS is stronger than PS itself. 

Transparent, Impact-Resistant, Styrene/ Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer Grafted onto Polybutadiene... 

Modification of Mechanical Properties. Application of these concepts is illustrated by impact polystyrene polystyrene (PS) grafted onto polybutadiene (PBD) permits as much as 40% PBD in PS to be incorporated whereas, in the absence of the graft copolymer, incompatibility is detectable by stratification when more than 10% elastomer is blended with PS (Diagram 3). Acrylonitrile-... 

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Terpolymer. The acrylonitrile and styrene copolymer is grafted onto polybutadiene. The properties of SAN are combined with a greatly improved impact resistance and heat distortion resistance. ABS terpolymers And application as engineering plastics, in household appliances, luggage, telephone housings, automotive parts, and many more. 

High Impact Polystyrene is properly treated as a ternary system and not as a binary blend of polystyrene and polybutadiene. The third component is graft copolymer (i.e., styrene grafted onto polybutadiene) formed during polymerization. It thus resembles the ternary systems involving block copolymers described in the previous sections. 

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. ABS is an important commercial polymer, with numerous apphcations. In the late 1950s, ABS was produced by emulsion grafting of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers onto polybutadiene latex particles. This method continues to be the basis for a considerable volume of ABS manufacture. More recently, ABS has also been produced by continuous mass and mass-suspension processes (237). The various products may be mechanically blended for optimizing properties and cost. Brittle SAN, toughened by SAN-grafted ethylene—propylene and acrylate mbbets, is used in outdoor apphcations. Flame retardancy of ABS is improved by chlorinated PE and other flame-retarding additives (237). 

The production of ABS and SAN resins consumes the second largest quantity of acrylonitrile. The ABS resins are produced by grafting acrylonitrile and styrene onto polybutadiene or a styrene-butadiene copolymer and contain about 25 wt% acrylonitrile. These products are used to make components for automotive and recreational vehicles, pipe fittings, and appliances. The SAN resins are styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers containing 25-30 wt% of acrylonitrile. The superior clarity of SAN resin allows it to be used in automobile instrument panels, for instrument lenses and for houseware items (Langvardt, 1985 Brazdil, 1991). 

Similar polymers, slightly less perfect, are the umbrella star copolymers [101]. These polymers are based on a central polystyrene star with 25 arms. An average of five polybutadiene or poly(2-vinylpyridine) branches are grafted onto the end of each arm. Since these polymers are models for block copolymer micelles their properties have been studied in selective solvents. In particular, the PBd-PS umbrella-star copolymers are monomolecularly dissolved in non-solvents for the core-forming polystyrene. 

Direction substitution of element notation (Equation 10) representing the grafting of polystyrene side chains onto polybutadiene backbone. An AB-crosslinked copolymer of Bamford and Eastmond (14a)... 

The irradiation of mixed lattices for subsequent combination of the mptured chains is another approach it has been carried out with natural rubber and poly(vinyl chloride) lattices to prepare graft (and block) copolymers in fairly high yields without the problem of monomer recovery. The same method has been used to graft polychloroprene onto synthetic polyisoprene dispersions and onto polybutadiene lattices of various compositions. 

High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) is a graft copolymer. It is a PS backbone with chains of polybutadiene grafted onto the backbone. PS gives the material strength, but the rubbery polybutadiene chains give resilience to make it less brittle. 

Styrene and butadiene can be put together in various ways so as to produce a wide range of rubbers and plastics. A en each is polymerized on its own then homopolymers are produced, for example, polystyrene and polybutadiene. When styrene is polymerized onto polybutadiene then the graft copolymer, TPS may be produced. If the two monomers are polymerized together then the random copolymer known as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is obtained this contains approximately 75% styrene and 25% butadiene. 

ABS copolymer is a popular engineering thermoplastic because of its unique properties, which include an excellent mechanical response, chemical resistance, fine surface appearance, and easy processing characteristics. Its unique properties. It consists of a styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) continuous phase partially grafted onto a dispersed polybutadiene phase of an elastomeric nature. ABS resin is its inherent flammability and lower thermal stability when it is exposed to heat, mechanical stress, and ionizing or ultraviolet radiation in the presence of oxygen because of the formation of reactive intermediates such as free radicals and hydroperoxides. 

Acrylonitrile is also commonly found in impact modifiers, such as the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) type, produced by emulsion polymerisation. Polybutadiene seed latex particles are grafted onto styrene and acrylonitrile in a seeded emulsion polymerisation process. As the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer shell forms, polybutadiene domains are spontaneously separated within. The resulting impact modifier particles are subsequently compounded with polystyrene to product high impact polystyrene (HIPS). The impact modification properties of the latex particles may be optimised through varying the butadiene content, the particle size and structure, and the shell molecular weight. A basic formulation for an ABS impact modifier is given in Table 6. 

The application of polymer-supported catalysts has now been extended to the synthesis of complexes between transition metal derivatives and structurally ordered macromolecular ligands to give catalytic systems exhibiting high activity and stereoselectivity. Polystyrene and polymethacrylate resin and polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polystyrene-polybutadiene block copolymers, as well as vinyl-functionalized polysiloxanes grafted onto silica, are very suitable polymers for heterogenization of mostly Pt and Rh complexes. Moreover, polyamides exhibit much higher thermal stability than conventional polystyrene supports (114). 

---