Elemental notation

The Hermitian property (1.13) expressed in bracket notation and in matrix-element notation is... 

Symmetry element Notation for symmetry element Symmetry operation Symmetry operator... 

Direction substitution of element notation (Equation 10) representing the grafting of polystyrene side chains onto polybutadiene backbone. An AB-crosslinked copolymer of Bamford and Eastmond (14a)... 

On the r.h.s. the defects are written in Schottky s building element notation,30 also used in Fig. 1.) Equation (5) is obtained by subtracting 2AgCl from Eq. (2) or bringing the regular constituents in Eq. (4) to the... 

When the elemental symbol of an element is combined with additional information, such as the atomic number, mass number, or charge, it is usually called elemental notation. Elemental notation is a simple way of summarizing a good deal of information in a small space. 

Some other examples of elemental notation are shown here ... 

Not all examples of elemental notation will be written with the same amount of information. Notice that the first two examples show only two numbers. The number in the upper-left corner is the mass number, so, for example, the carbon sample shown is of the isotope called carbon-14, which, as you may know, is used for radioactive dating. The number in the lower-left corner is the atomic number. This number is not always given, because the elemental symbol already tells you the identity of the element, so the atomic number represents redundant information. If you needed to know... 

We can use the information in the elemental notation in order to determine the number of each of the subatomic particles in the atom. For example, look at the following elemental notation Fe2+... 

Use the following elemental notations to fill in the missing information in the table below. 

The first thing asked for is the number of protons in each element, which is very easy to determine. The atomic number, which is identical to the number of protons, is located in the lower left-hand corner of each of the elemental notations. But wait Where is the atomic number for calcium It appears to be missing, but does that mean that we can t solve it Not at all. As I mentioned earlier, the atomic number is redundant if you know the identity of the element, you can look up the atomic number on the periodic table. Find calcium on the periodic table, and you will see that it has an atomic number of 20. Now you can fill in the number of protons for each of the elements. 

Next, you ll need to determine the number of electrons in each of the samples. Remember If we subtract the charge number from the upper right-hand side of the elemental notation from the atomic number, found on the lower left-hand side of the elemental notation, we get the number of electrons in the atom. Following are the calculations for this step. 

Lastly, we need to fill in the information for the number of neutrons shown in each sample. We simply subtract the atomic number, found in the lower left-hand corner of the elemental notation, from the mass number, found in the upper left-hand corner of the elemental notation. For calcium, remember that the atomic number is 20. 

Now, let s look at elemental notations for the three isotopes of hydrogen. 

Determine the number of protons shown in each of the following elemental notations. 

Next, we will look at the Lewis dot diagram for carbon, which has an electron configuration of Is2 2sz 2p2. The valence shell of carbon contains a total of four electrons (2s2 2p2), so our dot diagram will show four dots. The two s electrons will go on the left-hand side of the elemental notation, but the two p electrons will split up, one per side, according to Hund s Rule. 

Base your answers to questions 10-15 on the following elemental notation.. , ... 

The number of protons is equal to the atomic number, so look in the lower left-hand corner of the elemental notation. 

D. g2Wand X ]—In order for two elemental notations to represent different isotopes of the same element, they must have the same atomic number (number of protons) but a different mass number. Answers A and B show different elements, because they have different atomic numbers. 

At first glance, you might mistake this for a chemical equation. The format of the equation is similar to the format of a chemical equation, including elemental symbols and a yields arrow. The elemental notation that is shown for both potassium and calcium is the same as the elemental notation that we covered in Lesson 3-2. However, there is an important difference between this equation and the chemical equations that we have been discussing up until now. Notice that we have different elements on either side of the equation This is evidence that we are looking at a nuclear equation, rather than a chemical one. 

Elemental notation A notation that summarizes information about an isotope. 

NMIN The number of minimal elements (notation as for the maximal elements). 

The atomic number denotes the number of protons in an atom s nucleus. The mass number denotes the total number of protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are often called nucleons. By convention, the atomic number is usually written to the left of the elemental notation, and the mass number to the left above the elemental notation as represented by the example below. The element shown is aluminum. 

Here both a cation and anion vacancy are created. This is done by the generation of a monomeric unit which we consider to be placed at a surface site of repeatable growth (half crystal position in Fig. 5.24). In the building element notation this reads... 

The anti-Prenkel reaction (F) is a third fundamental, internal defect reaction It describes a disorder variant analogous to type F but in the anionic sublattice (and is therefore also termed anion-FVenkel disorder). This typically occius in alkahne earth halides, particularly the fluorides here the anions are small enough (fluorides) or polarizable enough (in the case of the higher halides) to take up interstitial positions. In the building element notation and the structure element notation we formulate... 

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