Cryptochlorogenic acid

Fig. 2.48. Separation of an extract by HPLC under optimized conditions in a 250 mm X 2 mm i.d., 5 pm particle, C18 column. The mobile phase was a gradient prepared from 0.03 per cent TFA in water (a) and acetonitrile (b) mobile phase composition (%) was changed from 90a 10b to 64a 36b in 35 min. The flow rate was 0.2 ml/min, the temperature 25°C, and detection was performed at 210 and 330 nm. Peak assignments 1 = pseudochlorogenic acid 2 = neochlorogenic acid 3 = chlorogenic acid 4 = cryptochlorogenic acid 5 = cynarin 6 = cynaroside 7 = scolymoside 8 = 3,4-di-O-caffe- oylquinic acid 9 = 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid 10 = 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid 11 = cynaropikrin. Reprinted with permission from M. Hausler et al. [148].

Mate contains both caffeine (0.4-2.4%) and theobromine (0.3-0.5%). Also found are triterpene saponins and the caffeic acid derivatives—chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid. Flavonoids in mate are rutin, isoquercetin, and kaemferol glycosides. A nitrile glycoside, menisdaurin, is also present, which is noncyanogenic. 

Crotonic acid, cis Sd (roasted) ° Crotonic acid, trans Sd (roasted) ° Cryptochlorogenic acid Sd 0.4-2.63% Cyanidin-3 diglucoside Fr Cyclohex-2-en-l-one, 3-methyl Sd CycIohexan-l-2-dione, 3-methyI Sd (roasted) ... 

The main phenolic acid derivative is chlorogenic acid (575-632 mg/kg f.w.), although neochlorogenic (trace) and cryptochlorogenic acids (8-11 mg/kg), 5 -feruloyl quinic acid (15-17 mg/kg), and caffeoyl, feruloyl and sinapoylglucose have also been reported [63]. 

An HPLC study of the individual phenolic acid derivatives showed chlorogenic acid to be the predominant compound in potato (22-71 mg/kg). Cryptochlorogenic acid (11 mg/kg), neochlorogenic acid (7 mg/kg) and isochlorogenic acid (4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid) (Fig. 4) (3 mg/kg) were also present in smaller amounts [80]. It was also demonstrated that caffeic acid compounds are not distributed uniformly in the tuber, but occur in strongly decreasing concentrations from the outer to the inner section. About 50% of the compounds as a whole are located in the potato peel and adjoining tissue. 

Caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic add) 4-0-Caffeoylquinic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid) 3-0-Caffeoylquinic acid (neochlorogenic acid) Isorhamnetin rutinoside Isorhamnetin glucoside Kaempferol rutinoside Kaempferol glucoside... 

In carrots, the principal phenolics are the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Of these, caffeic acid derivatives are the main components (20-100 mg/kg fw. depending on the cultivar), while ferulic acid derivatives are accumulated in intermediate quantities (10-20 mg/kg) and p-coumaric derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and vanillic acid are present in trace amounts [38]. The main compound in carrots is chlorogenic acid, which has been estimated as between 23 and 121 mg/kg f w. depending on the cultivar. However, in carrot tops, this compound can reach 375-400 mg/kg [40], while cryptochlorogenic, neochlorogenic and 5-feruloylquinic acids have also been detected. 

FIGURE 8.3 Chemical structures of chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, and neochlorogenic acids. 

---