Glycerides, unsaturated

Residual monomers in the latex are avoided either by effectively reacting the monomers to polymer or by physical or chemical removal. The use of tert-huty peroxypivalate as a second initiator toward the end of the polymeri2ation or the use of mixed initiator systems of K2S20g and tert-huty peroxyben2oate (56) effectively increases final conversion and decreases residual monomer levels. Spray devolatili2ation of hot latex under reduced pressure has been claimed to be effective (56). Residual acrylonitrile also can be reduced by postreaction with a number of agents such as monoamines (57) and dialkylamines (58), ammonium—alkali metal sulfites (59), unsaturated fatty acids or their glycerides (60,61), their aldehydes, esters of olefinic alcohols, cyanuric acid (62,63), andmyrcene (64). 

The yolk is separated from the white by the vitelline membrane, and is made up of layers that can be seen upon careful examination. Egg yolk is a complex mixture of water, Hpids, and proteias. Lipid components iaclude glycerides, 66.2% phosphoUpids, 29.6% and cholesterol [57-88-5] 4.2%. The phosphohpids consist of 73% lecithin [8002 3-5] 15% cephahn [3681-36-7], and 12% other phosphohpids. Of the fatty acids, 33% are saturated and 67% unsaturated, including 42% oleic acid [112-80-1] and 7% linoleic acid [60-33-3]. Fatty acids can be changed by modifying fatty acids ia the laying feed (see... 

The ester class also comprises natural oils, such as vegetable oil [75] spent sunflower oil [940,941,992,993] and natural fats, for example, sulfonated flsh fat [161]. In water-based mud systems no harmful foams are formed from partially hydrolyzed glycerides of predominantly unsaturated Ci6 to C24 fatty acids. The partial glycerides can be used at low temperatures and are biodegradable and nontoxic [1280]. A composition for high-temperature applications is available [1818]. It is a mixture of long chain polyesters and polyamides. 

Partali V, Kvittingen L, Sliwka HR, and Anthonsen T. 1996. Stable, highly unsaturated glycerides—Enzymatic synthesis with a carotenoic acid. Angewandte Chemie-Intemational Edition in English 35(3) 329-330. 

Alkenes, terpenes and unsaturated glycerides react exothermically, some vigorously [1]. Ignition may occur with some organic materials [2],... 

This is a very broad class of compounds commonly used in coatings. Over 400-500 different alkyd resins are commercially available. They are polyesters containing unsaturation that can be cross-linked in the presence of an initiator known traditionally as a drier. A common example is the alkyd formed from phthalic anhydride and a glyceride of linolenic acid obtained from various plants. Cross-linking of the multiple bonds in the long unsaturated chain R produces the thermoset polymer by linking R groups of separate molecules with each other. 

The diglyccridc formed is subsequently split to the monoglyccridc, which finally is converted to glycerol, if sufficient alkali is present. Thus, die reaction is a bimolecular one rather than quadrimolecular, as is commonly indicated. In actual practice, the fats used are complex glycerides of a number of saturated and unsaturated acids, rather than the stearin shown here. 

Principal Glyceiides of fatty acids Glycerides of fatty acids Glycerides of fatty acids Triglycerides of fatty acids High in unsaturated acids,... 

The iodine value is reported as the number of grams of iodine that bind to 100 g of sample. As such, the IV can only be used as an index of unsaturation, especially in a mixed triacyl-glyceride system. This means that it can be compared to the same data from other mixed triacylglyceride systems, i.e., comparing to a competitor oil/fat. The other possible use is to reflect changes in the value based on treatment effects occurring in the system in question, e.g., to monitor hydrogenation. 

More importantly, lipid peroxidation can be controlled or minimized by design of formulation. While saturated lipids (e.g., MCTs) will themselves not be susceptible to peroxidation, they may contain sufLcient unsaturated impuritiesto be problematic. Similarly, monounsaturated lipids (e.g., oleic acid glycerides) are much less susceptible to peroxidation. The relative rates of peroxidation of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are 6 64 100, respectively (Swern, 1995). Monounsaturated lipids may, however, may contain polyunsaturated impurities, which will catalyze the oxidation ofthe monounsaturated components (Swern, 1995). Surfactants, particularly those based on PEG, may contain peroxides that can promote lipid peroxidation thus, particular attention should be paid to the purity and source of all formulation components. 

Given the structure of an unsaturated glyceride, write equations (including catalysts)... 

The short chain fatty acids (C to. ) detected in plain cashews could be detected in roasted samples also, in higher amounts. Dodecenoic acid was the only unsaturated fatty acid among them. These fatty acids are formed by the degradation of glycerides by mild enzymatic action or hydrolysis. 

D,L-GIyceraldehyde, III, 166 Glyceric acid, effect on conductivity of boric acid, IV, 195 reduction of, IV, 109 D-GIyceric acid, III, 21 D,L-GIyceric acid, III, 132, 167 Glycerides, trityl ethers, III, 105 —, unsaturated, II, 125 Glycerol, butyric acid from, IV, 110 effect on conductivity of boric acid, IV, 191... 

Many of the tests described involve physical properties such as refractive index, viscosity or melting point of the fat, of the fatty acids or of the lead salts of the fatty acids. However, there were also many chemical tests such as Reichert, Polenske, iodine, saponification and acetyl values. These all gave information as to the composition of the fat, some information as to fatty acid composition, others as to other non-glyceride components of the fat. Thus the iodine value is a measure of unsaturated fatty acids in the fat, now obtainable in more detail from a fatty acid profile. Similarly the Reichert value is a measure of volatile fatty acids soluble in water. For most purposes this means butyric acid, and so the modem equivalent is the determination of butyric acid in the oil. The modem method for milk-fat analysis is thus carrying out the analysis in a similar way to the Reichert determination, but uses a technique that is less dependent on the exact conditions of the analysis and is thus less likely to be subject to operator error. The Reichert value could be useful, in theory, even if milk fat was not present. Lewkowitsch notes that some other oils do give high values. Porpoise jaw oil has a value almost twice that of milk fat, while some other oils also have significant values. It is unlikely that one would have come across much porpoise jaw oil even in 1904, and even less likely today. 

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