Alcohol olefinic

Olefin-CO coploymers Olefin p-complexes Olefin Fibers Olefin hydroformylation Olefin hydrogenation Olefimc alcohols Olefin isomerization Olefin metathesis Olefin oligomers Olefin oxides... 

Eig. 6. Elow diagram for the Shell Chemical alcohol-olefin complex, Geismar, Louisiana, and Stanlow, United Kingdom. 

Olefin, n. olefin, olefine, -alkohol, m. olefinic alcohol, olefin alcohol, -haloid, n, olefin halide, olefinisch, a. olefinic. 

An important feature of sulfation chemistry is the thermal instability of the acid sulfate, which breaks down to a mixture of products including the parent alcohol, the dialkyl sulfate (R0S020R), the dialkyl ether (ROR), isomeric alcohols, olefins (R CH=CH2), and esters (R0S03R). Because of the thermal instability of the acid sulfate it is necessary to avoid high sulfation temperatures and to neutralize the acid sulfation product soon after its formation. An aging time of about 1 min at 30-50°C is adequate for the second reaction whereby the desired alkyl hydrogen sulfate is formed. In practice the minimum sulfation feasible temperature is determined by the need for the feedstock and reaction mixture to be mobile liquids (Table 3). 

Numerous reactions of carbonyl compounds, alcohols, olefins, etc., with compounds bearing E14=X bonds in which the latter act as direct analogs of phosphorus and arsenic ylides have already been accomplished.17 Recently, an interest in reactivity of compounds with multiple E14-X bonds is increasing due to challenges of important practical applications (see,... 

Owing to the greater electron release in derivatives from secondary alcohols, olefins would be produced by a mechanism such as the following ... 

Allylations of hydroquinone derivatives, 32 459-461 Allyl chloride oxidation, 41 305 thermal decomposition, 41 80 tl-Allyl complexes, 25 129-134 Allyl hydroperoxide, 27 187-189 Allylic alcohols, olefinic substitution of, 26 343-345... 

In 55 to 80% aqueous H2SO4 the simple alcohol olefin equilibrium (found in 0-55% H2SO4) is complicated by a polymerization process which produces predominantly dimer, trimer, and some traces of higher boiling olefins. This behaviour was first noticed by Butlerow (1879). Two fundamental papers by Whitmore (1932, 1934) first presented the now generally accepted mechanistic pathway with carbonium ion... 

Interestingly, Cp Ir(NHC) complexes were also shown to be efficient catalysts for the deuteration of organic molecules using CD3OH or (CD3)2CO as deuterium sources (Scheme 3.17). A wide set of organic molecules (including ketones, alcohols, olefins and ethers) were deuterated in high yields [15]. 

Ishii and coworkers have demonstrated that V-hydroxyphtalimide (NHPI) is an effective mediator for the oxidation of inactive hydrocarbons, alcohols, olefins and aromatic compounds by molecular oxygen, since the corresponding V-oxyl (PINO) generated from NHPI is an active species for their oxidation" . Before the aerobic oxidation by Ishii... 

A major concern in H2O2 oxidation is the alcohol/olefin chemoselectivity (Rao, 1991). This biphasic oxidation was initially developed for olefin epoxidations but with an (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid additive for high selectivity (Rudolph et al., 1997). Now, the removal of this additive has been found to significantly increase the rate and selectivity of alcohol oxidation. 

Paraffin dehydrogenation, isomerization, and dehydrocyclization Paraffin cracking and isomerization Alcohol -> olefin + H20 Paraffin hydrocracking Olefin polymerization,... 

Phenols, alcohols, olefins, and aromatics interfere in the test to a small extent. 

Metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, or Ru on alumina or other oxide supports convert CO and H2 to hydrocarbons. Using different catalysts and reaction conditions either CH4, liquid hydrocarbons, high molecular weight paraffins, methanol, higher alcohols, olefins, and aromatics can be obtained, though rarely (with the exception of CFL, and methanol) with high selectivity. Hydrocarbons typically exhibit a Schulz-Flory type molecular weight distribution. 

Under the reaction conditions for alkylidenation, compounds containing the following functional groups were found to be stable trimethylsilyl ethers of alcohols, olefins, primary alkyl iodides, and ethylene acetals of aldehydes. 

Simple aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, olefins, thiols, and acetylenes react in the same manner as the related aryl derivatives, but the yields of products are usually very low. a,/S-Olefinic acids are decarboxylated during the process to give amides with one less carbon... 

Polyketide and fatty acid biosyntheses begin with condensation of the coenzyme A thioester of a short-chain carboxylic acid starter unit such as acetate or propionate with the coenzyme A thioester of a dicarboxylic acid extender unit such as malonate or methyl malonate. The driving force for the condensation is provided by the decarboxylation of the extender unit. In the case of fetty acid synthesis, the resulting -carbonyl is completely reduced to a methylene however, during the synthesis of complex poly-ketides, the -carbonyl may be left untouched or variably reduced to alcohol, olefinic, or methylene functionalities depending on the position that the extender unit will occupy in the final product. This cycle is repeated, and the number of elongation cycles is a characteristic of the enzyme catalyst. In polyketide biosynthesis, the full-length polyketide chain cyclizes in a specific manner, and is tailored by the action of additional enzymes in the pathway. 

In the lower primary alcohols, ether formation (1) takes place at lower temperatures than olefin formation (2). With secondary alcohols, the temperature difference is not appreciable and with tertiary alcohols olefin formation takes place easily on warming. 

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