Globalization, impact

CBA relies heavily on the costs of environmental impacts. Some impacts may be easily expressed in monetary values, like crop loss or even increased morbidity among people. Others, like impact on biodiversity and the depletion of natural resources, are more difficult to describe in terms of monetary values. Large time scales and global impacts also complicate the methodology and confuse the understanding of the results. Some of the environmental consequences of today s activities appear only after several hundred or thousand yeats. Even low interest rates tend to diminish these types of impact, even if they are very large. 

Solid wastes constitute an important and emerging environmental problem at a global scale. A recent study from Bakare et al. suggests that the production of solid wastes varies from 0.5 to 4.5 kg per person per day in different regions of the world [6]. It is therefore clear that proper management of the waste problem must be nowadays at the center of the management policies of each nation in order to reduce the local and the global impact. 

Berger, R. (1998), Understanding science why causes are not enough , Philos. Sci, 65, 306-332. Bloom, B. R. andWiddus, R. (1998), Vaccine visions and their global impact , Nature Med. (Vaccine Supplement), 4, 480-484. 

Anspaugh, L.R., R.J. Catlin, and M. Goldman. 1988. The global impact of the Chernobyl reactor accident. Science 242 1513-1519. 

The variability of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is an important factor in determining hnman exposure to such chemicals, and in designing HAP measurement programs. The factors that contribute to HAP variability in an urban area also affect their global impact. Temporal variation was the major contributor to HAP variability for 19 of the 39 frequently detected compounds (Spicer et al., 1996). In the future, more precise measurement tools will be available to determine HAPs. Open-path monitoring of the atmosphere using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry has recently become... 

The construction industry and the industries which supply it have a vital role to play in the evolution of a culture of clean technology. Buildings have a crucial impact on the physical and economic health and well-being of the individuals, communities, and organizations which they are intended to support. The global impact of the architectural environment is increasingly evident. It is necessary for everyone involved to... 

Less than half of the new chemical submissions received by the EPA contain any kind of test data. The EPA can obtain and review whatever toxicity or physical data on the new chemical happen to be available, such as data from literature sources, but usually there are none. For most new chemical submissions, measured values for chemical, toxicological, or environmental fate properties are not available for the E PA to use to make decisions regarding hazards or risks that the chemical may pose to human health or the environment, or its global impact. 

GLOBAL IMPACT OF AIRCRAFT EMISSION ON OZONE CONCENTRATIONS AND METHANE LIFETIME RESULTS FROM THE 1999IPCC AIRCRAFT ASSESSMENT... 

Potenza, M. V. and Mechanick, J. I. (2009). The metabolic syndrome Definition, global impact, and pathophysiology. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 24, 560-577. 

In general, for different reasons, biomass burning is a complex anthropogenic source of the atmospheric pollution and of the global impact on the biosphere as a whole. Estimates obtained by many authors show that the radiative forcing on climate determined by aerosols from biomass burning constitute about -l.OWm"2... 

Modeling and assessments provide the capabilities to evaluate technology options in a total systems context (i.e., considering costs and impacts over the full product cycle). Further, the societal and environmental effects are analyzed to provide a basis for assessing trade-offs between local environmental impacts and global impacts. 

The global impact of industrial biotechnology on the chemical industry is currently relatively low. About five percent of all chemicals today are produced by industrial biotechnology. Riese and Bachmann estimate that ten percent of all chemicals sold by the year 2010 will be biotech-derived using renewable resources. The impact will be greatest in the fine chemical sector, with an estimated 60 percent share of white biotech products. 

Ahloowalia, B. S., M. Maluszynski, and K. Nichterlein. 2004. Global impact of mutation-derived varieties. Euphytica 135(2) 187-204. 

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