Global Ocean Observing System

Holland G. and Nowlin W. (eds.) (2001). Principles of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Capacity Building, GOOS Report No. 69. UNESCO, IOC, Paris, 23 pp. 

PORTS is a public information system that provides real-time information to the general public and provides essential information for safe and cost-effective navigation, search-and-rescue, hazardous material and oil spill prevention and response, and scientific research. PORTS also provides NOAA s Global Ocean Observing System with coastal ocean measurement and dissemination components. All data are continuously archived and are available to the public. PORTS data are broadcast over NOAA Weather Radio hourly by the National Weather Service and are available on a priority basis for trajectory modeling in support of fhe U.S. Coasf Guard. PORTS systems were operational at the following locafions in 2008 ... 

McPhaden, M. J., Busalacchi, A. J., Cheney, R. et al. (1998). The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system A decade of progress. /. Geophys. Res. 103,14169-14240. 

ADEOS An improved, satellite Earth-observing system equipped with modernized radiometer of the visible and near-IR intervals (AYNIR), ocean color and temperature scanner (OCTS), and radiometer POLDER to carry out global systematic measurements of polarization and spectral characteristics of solar radiation reflected by the Earth-atmosphere system. The satellite ADEOS-2/ Midori-2 was launched on December 14, 2002 by the Japan Space Agency and is an ideal means of global monitoring. 

Regional transfer of carbon in 2000 due to production of and trade in crops, wood, and paper constituted 0.72 GtC yr 1. The pure global carbon flux at the atmosphere-ocean boundary in 1995 was estimated at 2.2 GtC (—19% +22%) with an interannual variability of about 0.5 GtC. The greatest extent of C02 flux oscillations in the system can be observed in the equatorial Pacific. 

Since the World Ocean is the most inertial component of the global climate system, analyzing its variability is a top priority, especially as Levitus et al. (2001) detected annual increases in the heat content of the upper layer of all oceans over the last 45 years. With this in mind, Barnett et al. (2001) compared numerical modeling results of the heat content of the upper 3 km layer of various oceans with observational data. Calculations were made using the parallel climate model (PCM) for the atmosphere-ocean system without any flux adjustment. Calculations were made of five versions of the forecast growth in GHG concentration and sulfate aerosol content in the atmosphere. 

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