Global Observing System

The main cause of contradictions in studies of the present climate and its changes is the inadequacy of available observational databases. They remain incomplete and of poor quality. In this connection, Mohr and Bridge (2003) carried out a thorough analysis of how the global observing system has evolved. As is well known, climate is characterized by many parameters, such as... 

Substantiation of an integral strategy for the global observing system with emphasis on the water cycle. Accordingly, the field observation experiment CEOP was set up to carry out frequent observations. 

Fails to substantiate a single approach to creating a global observing system. The ESSP (i.e., the partnership set up for complex study of the Earth s system) does not resolve such a problem. 

McPhaden, M. J., Busalacchi, A. J., Cheney, R. et al. (1998). The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system A decade of progress. /. Geophys. Res. 103,14169-14240. 

GEOSS Global system incorporating all Earth-observing systems. It combines basic spaceborne systems of observations of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and land. 

ADEOS An improved, satellite Earth-observing system equipped with modernized radiometer of the visible and near-IR intervals (AYNIR), ocean color and temperature scanner (OCTS), and radiometer POLDER to carry out global systematic measurements of polarization and spectral characteristics of solar radiation reflected by the Earth-atmosphere system. The satellite ADEOS-2/ Midori-2 was launched on December 14, 2002 by the Japan Space Agency and is an ideal means of global monitoring. 

Since the World Ocean is the most inertial component of the global climate system, analyzing its variability is a top priority, especially as Levitus et al. (2001) detected annual increases in the heat content of the upper layer of all oceans over the last 45 years. With this in mind, Barnett et al. (2001) compared numerical modeling results of the heat content of the upper 3 km layer of various oceans with observational data. Calculations were made using the parallel climate model (PCM) for the atmosphere-ocean system without any flux adjustment. Calculations were made of five versions of the forecast growth in GHG concentration and sulfate aerosol content in the atmosphere. 

Holland G. and Nowlin W. (eds.) (2001). Principles of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Capacity Building, GOOS Report No. 69. UNESCO, IOC, Paris, 23 pp. 

Mohr T. and Bridge J. (2003). The evolution of the integrated global Earth observing system. Studying the Earth from Space, 1, 64-73. 

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