Ocean systems

Silver—Iron Cells. The silver—iron battery system combines the advantages of the high rate capabiUty of the silver electrode and the cycling characteristics of the iron electrode. Commercial development has been undertaken (70) to solve problems associated with deep cycling of high power batteries for ocean systems operations. 

Figure A Tlie siilfur budget for the lancl-alraosphere-ocean system. Annual turnover rates are indicated in units of 10 tonnes (as estimated for 1977). ...

Hence, the radiative equilibrium temperature is sensitive to changes in the solar constant, planetary albedo, and the radiative properties of the earth-atmosphere-ocean system. In addition, changes internal to the earth-atmosphere-ocean system may alter the climate. Table I is an incomplete list of phenomena that individually or in concert could alter climate. 

The ocean is also by far the largest reservoir for most of the elements in the atmosphere-biosphere-ocean system. Perturbations caused by our increased population and industrialization are passing through the ocean, and because... 

A global representation of the P cycle, by necessity, will be general. It will combine a wide variety of P-containing components into relatively few reservoirs and will parameterize intricate processes and feedback mechanisms into simple first-order transfers. To appreciate the rationale behind the construction of such a model and to understand its limitations, the transfers of P within a hypothetical terrestrial ecosystem and in a generalized ocean system will be discussed first. 

The ocean system is separated into three major reservoirs that best represent the dominant pools and pathways of P transport within the ocean. The surface ocean reservoir (5) is defined as the upper 300 m of the oceanic water column. As discussed in an earlier section and displayed in Fig. 14-6, the surface layer roughly corresponds to the surface mixed layer where all... 

Dooley CA, Homer V (1983) Organotin compounds in the marine environment uptake and sorption behaviour. Technical report no. 917. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San... 

Disturbance of Phosphorus Biogeochemical Cycle in Agrolandscapes Conceptual ideas behind simulation of P cycling are related to construction of models for freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and a generalized oceanic system and understanding the restrictions of its application. 

Meybeck, M. (1979b), "Pathways of Major Elements from Land to Ocean through Rivers", in Review and Workshop on River Inputs to Ocean Systems, FAO, Rome, 26-10. 

It seems much more likely that Mo isotopes are fractionated within the ocean system during removal from seawater, as hrst proposed hy Barling et al. (2001). This possibility is considered helow with respect to Mo removal to ferromanganese oxides, euxinic sediments and suboxic sediments. 

Enhanced nutrient loading from land also appears to be increasing the areal extent, duration, and intensity of hypoxia and anoxia in the coastal zone and marginal seas. While the perennial open-ocean systems occupy a fer larger volume of seawater than the seasonal coastal systems, O2 deficiencies are more intense in the latter, often leading to anoxia. Thus, considerable attention is currently fiacused on reducing nutrient loading to nearshore waters. 

Barbeau K (2006) Photochemistry of Organic Iron (HI) Complexing Ligands in Oceanic Systems. Photochem Photobiol 82 1505... 

Figure 8 Pulsed current technique for the measurement of critical current. From Jones, T., McGinnis, W., Boss, R., Jacobs, E., Schindler, J., Rees, C., Tech. Doc. 1306 July 1988 Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA.

NASA s Oceanography. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Web site. Available online. URL http //science.hq.nasa. gov/oceans/system/carbon.html. 

KENNETH S. JOHNSON, Moss Landing Marine Laboratory PETER JURS, Pennsylvania State University MARK E. MEYERI-IOFF, University of Michigan GEORGE H. MORRISON, Cornell University JANET G. OSTERYOUNG, North Carolina State University RICHARD THOMPSON, University of Maryland EDWARD S. YEUNG, Iowa State University ALBERTO ZIRINO, Naval Ocean Systems Center... 

Fig. 2. Logarithmic activity diagram depicting equilibrium phase relations among aluminosilicates and sea water in an idealized nine-component model of tire ocean system at the noted temperatures, one atmosphere total pressure, and unit activity of H20. The shaded area represents (lie composition range of sea water at the specified temperature, and the dot-dash lines indicate the composition of sea water saturated with quartz, amotphous silica, and sepiolite, respectively. The scale to the left of the diagram refers to calcite saturation foi different fugacities of CO2. The dashed contours designate the composition (in % illite) of a mixed-layer illitcmontmorillonitc solid solution phase in equilibrium with sea water (from Helgesun, H, C. and Mackenzie, F T.. 1970. Silicate-sea water equilibria in the ocean system Deep Sea Res.).

Tomlinson, J. L. Naval Ocean Systems Center, Technical Note 386, San Deigo, CA, 1978. 

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