Glass fibre-reinforced polyesters

UPRs are normally rigid, brittle materials and as such cannot be used alone to form moulded products. Instead the polyester has to be reinforced with fibrous material having a tensile modulus at least ten times that of the cured resin the resin may be considered as an adhesive matrix binding the fibres together. 

It is usually necessary to provide a finish for the fibres to facilitate good wetting and interfacial bonding between the glass and the resin. Most important is vinyl trichlorsilane treatment, which gives direct chemical linkage between glass and resin  

Binder materials for chopped strand mats include starch, poly(vinyl acetate) and polyesters. It is important that the binder is compatible with the resin and the end-use of the laminate. In the production of glass/resin composites, several rules must be obeyed to achieve optimum mechanical properties. These include maximum glass-to-resin ratio and the establishment of good wetting and air release in the composite s structure. 

For the methods of application above, resin viscosity must be maintained low, and this precludes the use of particulate fillers as inert diluents to cheapen the system. Sheet-moulding compound (SMC) and dough-moulding compound (DMC) prepolymer forms of UPR continue to be a major growth area of GRP technology. 

Solid thermoplastic polyester (melting at 80-90°C), has been used as an alternative thickener to MgO. This material is claimed to increase the shelf-life of the SMC considerably, but its melt viscosity in processing is much lower than the norm, leading to an increased risk of glass fibre/resin separation in longer flow paths. 

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Glass fibre reinforced polyester melamine-formaldehyde laminate with copper foil attached is used for printing circuits. 

Frontages in sandwich made of PVC foam core and skins of fire-resistant glass fibre reinforced polyester. The panels are attached onto a steel framework. 

Deeply formed components subsequently backed with glass fibre reinforced polyester camper tops, furniture and recreational vehicle bodies. 

A. M. CunUffe and P. T. Williams, Characterisation of products from the recycling of glass fibre reinforced polyester waste by pyrolysis. Fuel, 82, 2223-2230, (2003). J. H. Harker and J. R. Backhurst, Fuel and Energy, Academic Press London, 1981. A. C. Albertson and S. Karlsson, Polyethylene degradation products, In Agricultural and Synthetic Polymers, ACS Symposium Series 433, J. E. Glass and G. Swift (eds), American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 60-64, 1990. 

For the rotor blade material under eonsideration (glass-fibre reinforced polyester), a representative value for a is -10. This log-log expression is prescribed in the guidelines if no test data for the material are available [19]. 

As the submarine was too fragile to move, the only practical conservation method was to wash the vessel in situ. A tank was constructed from glass fibre - reinforced polyester resin laminate. The structure was prefabricated in sections away from the museum and assembled on site with no disturbance to... 

R S Yamasaki, Surface weatherabihty of glass fibre reinforced polyester sheeting. II - Effect of constituents . Compos Technol Rev 1982 4(4) 125-129. 

K Tanaka, Weatherability of glass fibre reinforced polyester sheets . Proceedings 42nd Annual Conference SPI, 1987, Session 10-A. 

A W Birley, J V Dawkins and H E Strauss, Blistering in glass fibre reinforced polyester laminates , Preprints, 14th Reinforced Plastics Congress, British Plastics Federation, Brighton, November 1984, paper 37, pp 167-172. 

P Castaing and L Lemoine, Effects of water absorption and osmotic degradation of long-term behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polyester , Polym Compos... 

D Short, A W Stankus and J Summerscales, Woven glass-fibre reinforced polyester resin composites exposed to the marine environment . Proceedings 1st International Conference Testing, Evaluation and Quality Control of Composites, Guildford, September 1983. Butterworth Scientific, Guildford, 1983,... 

Poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF), A representative of fluoroplastics, it is a weatherable and chemical resistant thermoplastic. Its service temperature ranges from —70 to + 100 °C. Glass fibre-reinforced polyester sheets are coated with a thin PVF film for weather protecting. Trade name of PVF film Tedlar (USA). 

Glass fibre-reinforced polyester The same, flame-retarded PoIy(methyI methacrylate)... 

Mineral fibre insulating core between 45-mm glass fibre-reinforced polyester skin sheets 120 0.51... 

Plastics are used almost universally in small boats. Boat bodies are best built in glass fibre-reinforced polyester. In a noteworthy experiment/ a life-boat in glass-reinforced polyester was tested as it escaped through a flaming oil slick whilst the boat was cooled by water spray. 

Plastics and rubbers occur most frequently as conveyor belts and straps as well as in cables and pipes. Ventilating conduits and chutes are made of glass-fibre-reinforced polyester. In addition, in-situ expanded rigid polyurethanes have recently been gaining ground as thermal insulating materials. 

A test room of 3 m x 5 m with an internal height of 2.8 m was furnished with vertical PVC, polyethylene, and glass fibre-reinforced polyester pipes of 25 to 90 mm dia., empty or water-filled. Some of them were covered with black-plaster wall. In a second experiment, pipes were mounted horizontally on the walls or under the ceiling. Exhaust conduits of 150 mm dia. were also incorporated, either of glass-fibre-reinforced polyester or PVC/glass-fibre-reinforced polyester composite. Pipes on the wall and the exhaust conduits were loaded with water and air streams, respectively, while the pipes under the ceiling were empty. 

Apart from any damage, all the pipes retained their shape while water was flowing inside. After the fifth ignition, however, when water flow was prevented by the damage, the pipes were destroyed. PVC/glass-fibre-reinforced polyester composite... 

The fire risk of corrugated roofing sheets in rigid PVC and glass fibre-reinforced polyester was evaluated by model experiments in Hungary. 

A 10 m roof, with a variable angle of inclination, was erected and covered with rigid PVC, and normal and flame-retarded glass fibre-reinforced polyester corrugated sheet at angles of —30°, 0° (horizontal), and -f 20°. 5 and then 10 dm of gasoline was ignited in an iron tray of 0.3 or 0.6 m. ... 

ABS, flame-retardant Glass fibre-reinforced polyester. 600 600 150-200 150 48... 

Tensile strength versus , predicted for (a) ceirtx>n-fibre reinforced epoxy (case I) and (b) glass-fibre reinforced polyester (case II). 

Akil, H.M., Santulli, C., Sarasini, E, Tirillo, J., and Valente, T. (2014) Environmental effects on the mechanical behaviour of pultruded jute/glass fibre-reinforced polyester hybrid composites. Compos. ScL Technol., 94, 62—70. 

Reinforced polyesters have been widely used in the boat building industry since the early sixties. Most yachts and power boats are now made of polyester resins and glass fibre. Reinforced polyester plastics are also widely used in pipe and container structures, owing to their good chemical and corrosion resistance. Polyesters have increased their role in vehicle and transportation equipment production, where many parts previously manufactured from metal have been replaced with components produced from reinforced plastics. 

GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYESTER AND EPOXIDE RESINS... 

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