Glass fibre-reinforcement

Applications of glass fibre reinforced plastics are reviewed in Table 2.4. 

Generally speaking, the incorporation of 30% carbon fibre into a polymer produces a high strength plastic useful for structural compounds and for engineering applications. Applications include automotive, bearings, valves, and so on, and are shown in Table 2.5. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are being increasingly used for the reinforcement of plastics. These include, epoxy resins [49, 50, 75], PA [69, 70, 76, 77], PI [71], polysilsesquioxane [72], polycaprolactone [73], polyethylene oxide [78], PE [78-81], PU [82], EVA [83], polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate [84], sulfonated polyarylene sulfone [85]. 

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Plastics also find increasing use in vehicles for both water and air transport. Glass-fibre-reinforced plastic boats are widely used as a result of their economy in manufacture, ease of maintenance, lightness of weight and, for military purposes, antimagnetic characteristics. The non-corrosive nature of plastics also leads to their widespread use in boat fixtures and fittings. In aircraft, plastics are particularly useful on account of their low density. 

Some interesting differences are noted between amorphous and crystalline polymers when glass fibre reinforcement is incorporated into the polymer. In Figure 9.2 (ref. 10) it will be seen that incorporation of glass fibre has a minimal effect on the heat deflection temperature of amorphous polymers (polystyrene,... 

In addition to standard grades varying in the ABS/PC ratio, fire-retarded, glass-fibre-reinforced and glass-fibre-reinforced fire-retarded grades are available. Typical properties of three grades of ABS-PC alloys are given in Table 20.9. 

DE DANi, A., Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics, Newnes, London (1960)... 

GRP Glass-fibre reinforced plastic based on a thermosetting resin ... 

Jones, F.R., Interfacial aspects of glass fibre reinforced plastics. In Jones, F.R. (Ed.), Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials. Butterworths, London, 1989, pp. 25-32. Chaudhury, M.K., Gentle, T.M. and Plueddemann, E., Adhesion mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride) to silane primed metal surfaces. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol, 1(1), 29-38 (1987). Gellman, A.J., Naasz, B.M., Schmidt, R.G., Chaudhury, M.K, and Gentle, T.M., Secondary neutral mass spectrometry studies of germanium-silane coupling agent-polymer interphases. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 4(7), 597-601 (1990). 

Polyesters. The main application of this material is as a matrix for glass fibre reinforcement. This can take many forms and is probably most commonly known as a DIY type material used for the manufacture of small boats, chemical containers, tanks and repair kits for cars, etc. 

Nowadays the major thermosetting resins used in conjunction with glass fibre reinforcement are unsaturated polyester resins and to a lesser extent epoxy resins. The most important advantages which these materials can offer are that they do not liberate volatiles during cross-linking and they can be moulded using low pressures at room temperature. Table 3.1 shows typical properties of fibre reinforced epoxy. 

GFRP - Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic KFRP - Kevlar Fibre Reinforced Plastic CFRP - Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic... 

GFRP - Glass fibre reinforced plastic KFRP - Kevlar fibre reinforced plastic CRFP - Carbon fibre reinforced plastic... 

The general fatigue behaviour which is observed in glass fibre reinforced plastics is illustrated in Fig. 3.32. In most grp materials, debonding occurs... 

Glass fibre reinforced enamels BS 4147 BS 4164 BS SI4 AWWA/ANSI C203 Hot applied in factory and in field by line travel 2-5-6 Asphalts prone to water absorption and root damage. Coal tar resistant to oil products and root damage. Long successful service record, particularly coal tars. Proven under concrete weight coatings. 

A pyrolysis technique was investigated as a method for the chemical recycling of glass fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester SMC composites. The proeess yielded liquid products and gases and also a solid residue formed in the pyrolysis of glass fibres and fillers. The solid residue was used as a reinforeement/filler in unsaturated polyester BMC composites, and the influenee on mechanical properties was studied in comparison with BMC prepared entirely from virgin materials. 

Recycling of glass fibre-reinforced plastics is reviewed, with special emphasis on remelting of thermoplastic composites, mechanical recycling of thermoset composites, depolymerisation and dissolution of thermosets and thermoplastics, closed loop recycling of glass, and the use of glass as a mechanical compatibiliser. 32 refs. 

GFR Glass-fibre reinforced PBMA PBT Poly(butyl methacrylate) Poly(butylene terephthalate)... 

LGFPP Long glass-fibre reinforced tetrafluoroethylene Perfluoroalkoxy... 

Glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy resins are also used for chemical plant but are more expensive than the polyester resins. In general they are resistant to the same range of chemicals as the polyesters, but are more resistant to alkalies. 

Conveyor systems are applied in a number of areas in the rubber industry. The types used can range from simple canvas belt conveyors used for haul-off from conventional extruders, to systems used for transport and cooling of profile products, both in and emerging from continuous vulcanisation units. The latter types have to be resistant to the temperatures used in such systems and are variously constructed from glass fibre-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene or a silicone rubber covered belt. 

Material of case Glass fibre reinforced semi-crystalline potybutylene terephtalate (PBTP) seif-extinguishing Seif-extinQuishinq V-0 according to UL94 ... 

The use of these resins is made for obtaining glass fibre reinforced plastics which have high impact and tensile strength similar to steel. They are good insulators and resistant to chemicals. They can be used upto 150-200°C. 

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