Glass fiber borate

Economic Aspects and Uses. The principal producers in the United States are U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp., North American Chemicals Co., and American Borate Corp. Their combined aimual capacity in 1989 was reported to be 735,000 metric tons of equivalent boron oxide [1303-86-2], B2O2 (20). Of this toimage, 50% is exported. About 30% of boron compounds are used in glass fiber insulation. Another 30% is used in other type fibers and borosihcate glasses. Boron is also used in soaps and detergents, fire retardants, and agriculture (see Boron compounds). 

Glass fiber insulation (30%) is the primary use of borates. Other uses include textile glass fiber (18%), soaps, detergents, and bleaches (10%), glass (10%), agriculture (7%), and flame retardants (6%). 

Glass fibers of various compositions Frits of various compositions Lead silicates Borate compounds... 

Braun, U., Schartel, B., Fichera, M.A., and Jager, C. 2007. Flame retardancy mechanism of aluminum phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6,6. Polym. Degradation Stab., 92, 1528-1545. 

The neutral polysaccharides have little electrophoretic mobility, but, in borate buffers, separations can be obtained, and this method should be more widely used. With smaller amounts of material, separations can be made on glass-fiber paper, where borate complexes of polysaccharide and cellulose are avoided and methods of detection are simpler. ... 

The worldwide consumption of boron compounds in 1996 was 1.24 - 10 t (as di-boron trioxide) predominantly (in the USA almost 80%) in the form of sodium borates (as raw ore concentrates, which are often used directly, or in purified or calcined form). The remainder comprises calcium or calcium sodium borates (colemanite, ulexite), which are also often directly utilized e.g. in the manufacture of E-glass fibers and in steel manufacture and other products such as boric acid and di-boron trioxide. 

Typical fillers glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, stainless steel fiber, graphite, nickel coated graphite, aluminum flakes, metallized glass... 

Typical fillers carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid, mica, talc, calcinated kaolin, antimony trioxide, carbon black, zinc borate, glass spheres... 

Typical fillers calcium carbonate, glass fiber, carbon fiber, zinc borate, PTFE, aluminum flake, graphite fiber, nickel coated graphite fiber... 

Typical fillers calcium carbonate, talc, glass fiber, glass beads, glass flakes, silica flour, wollastonite, mica, sepiolite, magnesium hydroxide, carbon black, clay, metal powders (aluminum, iron, nickel), steel fiber, si-licium carbide, phenolic microspheres, wood fiber and flour, antimony trioxide, hydrotalcite, zinc borate, bismuth carbonate, red phosphorus, potassium-magnesium aluminosilicate, fly ash, hydromagnesite-huntite... 

Typical fillers calcium carbonate, glass beads, barium sulfate, mica, kaolin, talc, glass fibers, silica, montmorillonite, zeolites PTFE, zinc borate, titanium dioxide, red phosphorus, copper... 

Typical fillers glass fiber, PTFE, aluminum borate whiskers... 

Another, exploratory version of the Na-S system (aimed at present at stationary applications) is under development at Dow Chemical Company. It operates at 300°C and utilizes hollow sodium borate glass fibers as electrolyte in the form of thousands of thin hollow fibers sealed at one end and open at the other to a common reservoir of molten sodium. The fibers are wrapped in Mo-coated aluminum foil which serves as a positive electrode for the polysulfide melt, which fills the space between the fiber wall and the Al. 

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