American Borate

The cost, however, has remained fairly steady in constant dollars. In 1984, colemanite was priced at about 226/1 fob Turkey. In 1989 Turkish colemanite was 484 per metric ton fob Kings Creek, South Carolina from importer American Borate Co. (6). 

Death Valley, California, has historically been a significant source of both colemanite and ulexite, but mining in the Death Valley National Monument has been forbidden as a result of environmental concerns. In 1986, the American Borate Co. ceased mining in Death Valley, but continues to market ore concentrate from inventory as well as borates and concentrates imported from Turkey. 

Economic Aspects and Uses. The principal producers in the United States are U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp., North American Chemicals Co., and American Borate Corp. Their combined aimual capacity in 1989 was reported to be 735,000 metric tons of equivalent boron oxide [1303-86-2], B2O2 (20). Of this toimage, 50% is exported. About 30% of boron compounds are used in glass fiber insulation. Another 30% is used in other type fibers and borosihcate glasses. Boron is also used in soaps and detergents, fire retardants, and agriculture (see Boron compounds). 

American Borate Ashland Specialty Chemical Atlantic Equipment Engineers CERAC... 

American Biological Safety Association (ABSA), 277 American Board of hidustrial Hygiene (ABIH), 277 American Borate Co., 216 American Carbon Society (ACS), 267 American Chemical Society (ACS), 267 American Chemistry Council (ACC), 267 American Clu ome Chemicals hic., 216... 

Rio Tinto Borax at Boron, California, is perhaps the single largest producer of borate chemicals in the world with a capacity of over 1.6 billion pounds per year. This company was formed from a merger of Luzenac (French) with Dampier (Australian) and US Borax (USA). Other borate-producing companies are American Borate (in Nevada) and Searles Valley Mineral (California). 

A unique Hquid—Hquid extraction process for manufacturing boric acid from sodium borate brines has been operated at Seades Lake, Trona, California, by the North American Chemical Co. since 1962. Both potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate are produced as coproducts in this process. 

North American Chemical Co. produces borax pentahydrate and decahydrate from Seades Lake brines in both Trona and West End, California (see Chemicals frombrines). The 88 km dry lake consists of two brine layers, the analyses of which are given in Table 11. Two distinct procedures are used for the processing of upper and lower lake brines. Borax is produced in Trona from upper lake brines by an evaporative procedure involving the crystallization of potash and several other salts prior to borax crystallization as the pentahydrate (104). A carbonation process is used in West End, California to derive borate values from lower lake brines (105). Raw lower stmcture brine is carbonated to produce sodium bicarbonate, which is calcined and recrystallized as sodium carbonate monohydrate. The borate-rich filtrate is neutralized with lake brine and refrigerated to crystallize borax. 

Figure 13.4 Microchip electropherograms for mixtures containing increasing levels of (a) DNB and (b) DNT in 200 ppb steps, along with the resulting calibration plots (inset). Thick-film amperometric carbon detector held at —0.7 V borate buffer (15 millimolar (mM), pH 8.7) containing 25 mM SDS. (Reprinted in part with permission from [27]. Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 13.9 Microchip-based micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) electro-pherogram of a mixture of nitroaromatics and nitramines. Analytes 20 ppm of each (1) TNB, (2) DNB, (3) NB, (4) TNT, (5) tetryl, (6) 2,4-DNT, (7) 2,6-DNT, (8) 2-, 3-, and 4-NT, (9) 2-Am-4,6-DNT, (10) 4-Am-2,6-DNT. Conditions MEKC buffer, 50 mM borate, pH 8.5, 50 mM SDS, 5 M Cy7, separation voltage 4 kV, separation distance 65 mm. (Reprinted in part with permission from [37]. Copyright 2000 American Chemical Society.)...

Mallinckrodt analytical reagent grade ether, dried over sodium, was used. The methyl borate was the commercial product of American Potash and Chemical Corporation containing 99% ester as received. The phenylmagnesium bromide was purchased as a 3.0M solution in ether from Arapahoe Special Products, Inc., Boulder, Colorado. 

XBorax, sodium borate) 6)Sax( 1957),374 7)USSpec SS-S-535A(1958) (Sodium borate, deca-hydrate, tech borax) 8)R.F.Gould,Edit "Borax to Boranes ,Advances in Chemistry Series No 32 American Chemical Society,Washington,DC(1961), 240pp... 

Fig. 23 Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the hydrolysis of NPAlk (n = 2-16) in the absence and in the presence of 1 as a function of alkanoate chain length n, catalyst concentration, and buffer system circles 7.5 x 10-5 molL-1 1 in Tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane (7ns) buffer solution closed up triangles 2.5 x 10-5 molL-1 1 in Tris buffer solution closed down triangles 2.5 x 10-5 molL-1 1 in phosphate buffer solution open squares 2.5 x 10-5 molL-1 1 in borate buffer solution open down triangles in Tris buffer solution only closed squares in phosphate buffer solution only open up triangles in borate buffer solution only. (Reprinted with permission from [73]. Copyright 1996 American Chemical Society)...

FIGURE 6.40 2D separation of TRITC-labeled tryptic peptides of [S-casein. The projections of the 2D separation into the first dimension (OCEC) and second dimension (CE) are shown to the left and below the 2D contour plot, respectively. The field strengths were 220 V/cm in the OCEC channel and 1890 V/cm in the CE channel. The buffer was 10 mM sodium borate with 30% (v/v) acetonitrile. The detection point was given as y in Figure 4.16 (Chapter 4) and was 0.8 cm past valve V2 in the CE channel [333]. Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society. 

Fig. 10.15. Gradient elution CEC separation of steroid hormones. Conditions capillary, 9.6 (17.6) cm x 50 pm i.d. packed with 6 pm Zorbax ODS mobile phase, A, acetonitrile-10 raM borate, pH 8 (65 35 v/v) B, acetonitrile-10 mM borate, pH 8 (85 15 v/v), 0-100% B in 5 min, 100% B for 3 min at 0.1 ml/min 14 kV 25°C detection, UV at 205 nm injection, 1 kV/0.5 s. Peak identification 1, formamide 2, corticosterone 3, testosterone 4, androsten-3,17-dione 5, androstan-3,17-dione 6, pregnan-3,20-dione. Reproduced with permission from Huber et al. [68]. Copyright 1997 American Chemical Society.

Shen, K.K. and Griffin T.S. 1990. Zinc borate as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, and afterglow suppressant in polymers. In Fire and Polymers (ACS Symposium Series, vol. 425), Nelson G.L. (ed.). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 157. 

Figure 5 Microcoil CE-NMR spectra of triethylamine methyl peak in 1 M borate buffer with increasing applied voltage 0.0 to 9.0 kV by increments of 1.0 kV. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 47. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 7 Arrays of two-microcoil CE-NMR spectra (LB = 0) of the methyl peak of triethylamine in 1 M borate buffer. Spectra acquired during alternation of electrophoresis flow between two outlet capillaries. (A) All spectra acquired from upper coil (shim settings optimized for upper coil NMR observation switch bypassed). (B) All spectra acquired with lower coil (shim settings optimized for lower coil NMR observation switch bypassed). (C) NMR spectra acquired from microcoil on outlet capillary without electrophoretic flow (shim settings optimized for active coil NMR observation switch in-line). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 43. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society.)...

Kasemann, S.A., Meixner, A., Erzinger, J., Viramonte, J.G., Alonso, R.N. Franz, G. (2004) Boron isotope composition of geothermal fluids and borate minerals from salar deposits (central Andes/NW Argentina). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16, 685-697. 

Figure 11. Effect of borate, phosphate, salicylate, and EDTA on the reductive dissolution of goethite by H2S at pH 5, HF atm H2S, 0.01 M NaCl04, and 0.03 g/L of goethite. (Reproduced from reference 45. Copyright 1994 American...

FIG. 3 Variation of the intrinsic viscosity of long alkyl-modified polyacrylic acids as a function of the concentration of bovine serum albumin in the solvent. Solvent used for dilutions 30 mM borate buffer pH 9 and protein (top curves) or same buffer plus 0.3 M NaCl and protein (bottom curves). Black circles polymer modified with 4 mol% of C18 side groups squares polymer modified with 3 mol% of C12 groups cross-circles unmodified poly (sodium acrylate). (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 33. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society.)... 

The book Scorpionates The Coordination Chemistry of Polypyra-zolylb orate Ligands, organized according to the ligand type and to the coordinated metal, is the reference work for the papers published on poly(pyrazolyl)borates until April 1999.75 A review on this book by Templeton appeared in Journal of American Chemical Society in 2000.76 More recently, Trofimenko described also the most important features of poly(pyrazolyl)borates, from their synthesis and naming to their main applications.77... 

Blood root A North American plant of the poppy family, (Sanguinaria canaden- Burnt borax Calcined sodium borate, sis). It has acrid emetic properties and the rootstock Is used as a sUmu- Burnt ivory Bones burned to a powder. 

Fig. 13. [MnnI(hydrotris(3,5-diisopropylpyrazol-l-yl)borate)(3,5-diisopropylpyrazole) (benzoate)] perchlorate. [Reproduced with permission from (208). Copyright 1993 the American Chemical Society.]...

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