Glass ceramic electrolytes

Francisco, B. E., C. M. Jones, S. H. Lee, and C. R. Stoldt. 2012. Nanostructured all-solid-state supercapacitor based on LijS-PjSj glass-ceramic electrolyte. Applied Physics Letters 100 103902. 

Hayashi A, Minami K, Ujiie S, Tatsumisago M (2010) Preparation and ionic conductivty of Li7P3Sn z glass-ceramic electrolytes. J Non-Cry st Solids 356 2670-2673... 

Tatsumisago M, Hayashi A (2008) All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using sulfide-based glass ceramic electrolytes. Funct Mater Lett 1 1 ... 

Hayashi A, Noi K, Sakuda A, Tatsumisago M (2012) Superionic glass-ceramic electrolytes for room-temperature rechargeable sodium batteries. Nat Commun 3 856-860... 

Another approach to separate Li anode from direct contact with water has been realized by isolating the Li anode using a water impermeable Li+-conducting glass ceramic electrolyte (GCE). If the anode of such a battery is isolated from the aqueous environment by a hermetic pouch, such anodes can be used as a power source in sea water [156]. The electroactive species are water molecules that are reduced to molecular hydrogen at the battery cathode ... 

Figure 1 shows the temperature variation of the ionic conductivities for several polymer-electrolyte systems. At room temperature they are typically 100 to 1000 times less than those exhibited by a liquid or the best ceramic- or glass-based electrolytes [6,8], Although higher conductivities are preferable, 100-fold or 1000-fold... 

Amperometric cells, sensors using, 22 271 Amperometric measurements, 14 612 Amphetamine, 3 89-90 Amphibole asbestos, 1 803 3 288 crystal structure, 3 297-298 exposure limits, 3 316 fiber morphology, 3 294-295 silicate backbone, 3 296 Amphibole potassium fluorrichterite, glass- ceramics based on, 12 637 Amphiphile-oil-water-electrolyte phase diagram, 16 427-428 Amphiphile-oil-water phase diagrams,... 

The transmission electron microscopy was used to study the initial stage of the formation of the films of zirconia-based solid electrolytes, which were prepared by ion plasma sputtering on a glass-ceramic substrate having a thin ( 10 nm) layer of amorphous carbon. 

Divided cells — Electrochemical cells divided by sintered glass, ceramics, or ion-exchange membrane (e.g., - Nafion) into two or three compartments. The semipermeable separators should avoid mixing of anolyte and - catholyte and/or to isolate the reference electrode from the studied solution, but simultaneously maintain the cell resistance as low as possible. The two- or three-compartment cells are typically used a) for preparative electrolytic experiments to prevent mixing of products and intermediates of anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively b) for experiments where different composition of the solution should be used for anodic and cathodic compartment c) when a component of the reference electrode (e.g., water, halide ions etc.) may interfere with the studied compounds or with the electrode. For very sensitive systems additional bridge compartments can be added. 

Sodium ion conduction in /S"-alumina is anisotropic and ceramic electrolytes produced from this material not only can be sensitive to exposure to moisture but also are somewhat difficult to densify (e.g., because of problems related to NaaO evaporation, conversion to single-phase / -alumina, and control of exaggerated grain growth). For these reasons. Serious attempts have been made to find alternative materials that have Na" ion conductivities comparable to or higher than / "-alumina but are easier and/or potentially more economical to fabricate. Here we review attempts to develop alternatives. They fall into two classes of materials the crystalline NASICON family of compounds and conducting glasses. 

Key words Sealant/Glass-Ceramics/Thermal Expansion/Solid Oxide Electrolyte/Transport Properties... 

Table 3. Vicker s hardness of glass-ceramic layers ( 100 gm) deposited onto the surface of various solid-electrolyte ceramics under conditions, identical to sealing conditions...

An additional parameter that should be considered in evaluating chemical stability and surface activity of bioceramics is the simulated in vivo environment. Factors such as the type and concentration of electrolytes in solution and the presence of proteins or cells may influence in vitro immersion results. For example, in a study on glass-ceramic A-W that can be generalized to other bioceramics, a solution with constituents, concentrations, and pH equivalent to human plasma most accurately reproduces in vivo surface structural changes, whereas more standard buffers do not reproduce these changes (Kokubo et al., 1990b). Such control of the ionic environment also forms the basis for biomimetic approaches discussed in the last section of this chapter. 

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