Glass-based electrolytes

Figure 1 shows the temperature variation of the ionic conductivities for several polymer-electrolyte systems. At room temperature they are typically 100 to 1000 times less than those exhibited by a liquid or the best ceramic- or glass-based electrolytes [6,8], Although higher conductivities are preferable, 100-fold or 1000-fold... 

At the present time, the Nogoya Institute in Japan is making progress developing a new glass based electrolyte that is much less expensive than fluoropolymer membranes, but just as durable. In the near future, these membranes may replace Nafion and SPEEK in PEM cells. 

To keep the consumption of the valuable platinum low, thin foils have been glued to a graphite support [34] or thin-layers of platinum have been sputtered on to a glass base [59]. Platinum can be used in a particle electrode by plating silica gel with platinum [60], or in a solid polymer electrolyte where platinum is incorporated into a nafion ion exchange membrane [61]. 

Methods have been developed for fabrication of the highly-ordered titania nanotuhe arrays from titanium thin films atop a substrate compatible with photolithographic processing, notably silicon or FTO coated glass [104]. The resulting transparent nanotuhe array structure, illustrated in Fig. 5.16, is promising for applications such as anti-reflection coatings and dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Fig. 5.17 shows the typical anodization behavior of a 400 nm Ti thin film anodized at 10 V in an HE based electrolyte. Eor a fixed HE concentration, the dimensions of the tube vary with respect to... 

Francisco, B. E., C. M. Jones, S. H. Lee, and C. R. Stoldt. 2012. Nanostructured all-solid-state supercapacitor based on LijS-PjSj glass-ceramic electrolyte. Applied Physics Letters 100 103902. 

Tatsumisago M, Hayashi A (2008) All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using sulfide-based glass ceramic electrolytes. Funct Mater Lett 1 1 ... 

Table 5.7 Glass-based solid electrolyte gas sensors...

Siloxane-based electrolytes appear to be an excellent choice due to the low glass transition temperature of many siloxane polymers. The si loxane-based electrolyte described here consists of a methyls loxane backbone with pendent polyether sidechains and crosslinks. Other siloxane electrolytes which have been studied Include a copolymer liquid electrolyte comprised of dimethylsiloxane and ethylene oxide repeat units, and a urethane network of poly(dlmethyIsiloxane grafted ethylene oxide). Initial reports have also appeared on siloxane-... 

The properties of the GPE are affected by the polymer matrix content, type and concentration of the acidic component, i.e. AMPS or EGMP as well as the type of solvent used as plasticiser. The highest conductivities reached 1.5 and 0.67 x 10 Scm respectively at room temperature for AMPSA-and EGMP-based electrolytes. All EGMP-based systems had lower conductivities than AMPS-based systems. The use of PC-DMF, EC-DMF or PC-EC-DMF solvent mixtures, on the other hand, improves adhesion to a glass substrate and resistance to the influence of traces of water. It is found that the poly(AMPSA-co-MMA)-PC-DMF (30 wt% polymer) and poly(AMPS-co-HEMA)-PC-EC-DMF (20 wt% polymer) systems are the most promising for ECD applications. 

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