Giant cell tumor

Bowler WB, Littlewood-Evans A, Bilbe G, Gallagher JA, Dixon CJ. 1998. P2Y2 receptors are expressed by human osteoclasts of giant cell tumor but do not mediate ATP-induced bone resorption. Bone 22 195-200. 

Slight or moderate elevations in serum TR-ACP activity often occur in Paget s disease, in hyperparathyroidism with skeletal involvement, and in the presence of malignant invasion of the bones by cancers, such as breast cancer in women. Increased concentrations of the osteoclast-derived AGP are also present in serum in osteoclastoma (giant-cell tumor), an osteoclastic neoplasm, and in osteopetrosis (marble bone disease) in which the osteoclasts fail to resorb bone. High concentrations... 

Giant Cell Tumors of Bone and Soft Tissue... 

Oliveira AM, Dei Tos AP, Fletcher CD, et al. Primary giant cell tumor of soft tissues A study of 22 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 24 248-256. 

O Connell JX, Wehrli BM, Nielsen GP, et al. Giant cell tumors of soft tissue A clinicopathologic study of 18 benign and malignant tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 24 386-395. 

Masui F, Ushigome S, Fujii K. Giant cell tumor of bone An immunohistochemical comparative study. Pathol Int. 1998 48 355-361. 

Fornasier VL, Protzner K, Zhang I, et al. The prognostic significance of histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry in giant cell tumors of bone. Hum Pathol. 1996 27 754-760. 

Watanabe K, Tajino T, Kusakabe T, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone Frequent actin immunoreactivity in stromal tumor cells. Pathol Int. 1997 47 680-684. 

Folpe AL, Weiss SW, Fletcher CDM, et al. Tenosynovial giant cell tumors evidence for a desmin-positive dendritic cell subpopulation. Mod Pathol. 1998 11 939-944. 

Lee CH, Espinosa I, Jensen KC, et al. Gene expression profiling identifies p63 as a diagnostic matket fot giant cell tumor of the bone. Mod Parbo/. 2008 21 531-539. 

Ueda Y, Imai K, Tsuchiya H, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (gelatinase B) is expressed in multinucleated giant cells of human giant cell tumor of bone and is associated with vasculat invasion. Am J Pathol. 1996 148 611-622. 

Rao VH, Singh RK, Delimont DC, et al. Ttansctiptional tegu-lation of MMP-9 expression in stromal cells of human giant cell tumor of bone by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Int J Oncol. 1999 14 291-300. 

Schoedel DE, Greco MA, Stetler-Stevenson WG, et al. Exptes-sion of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitots of metallopto-teinases in giant cell tumor of bone An immunohistochemical study with clinical correlation. Hum Pathol. 1996 27 1144-1148. 

Berendt RC, Shnitka TK, Wiens E, et al. The osteoclast-type giant cell tumor of the pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987 111 43-48. 

Lukas Z, Dvorak K, Kroupova I, et al. Immunohistochemical and genetic analysis of osteoclastic giant cell tumor of the pancreas. Pancreas. 2006 32 325-329. 

Sakai Y, Kupelioglu AA, Yanagisawa A, et al. Origin of giant cells in osteoclast-like giant cell tumors of the pancreas. Hum Pathol. 2000 31 1223-1229. 

Shiozawa M, Imada T, Ishiwa N, et al. Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas. Int J Clin Oncol. 2002 7 376-380. 

Cocke CD, Dabbs DJ, Benko FA, Silverman JF. KRAS oncogene mutations surest a common histogenetic origin for pleomorphic giant cell tumor of the pancreas, osteoclastoma of the pancreas, and pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol. 1997 28 80-83. 

Localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath -Dermatoflbrosarcoma protuberans ... 

CD45 Lymphoma/ leukemia Giant cell tumor of tendon sheet, interdigitatmg dendritic cell and histiocytic tumors Lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, histiocytes, mast cells... 

Histiocytic tumors, dendritic cell tumors, AML (M4/M5), giant cell tumors... 

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor, alveolar soft part sarcoma, tenosynovial giant-cell tumor... 

Kaban LB, Mulliken JB, Ezekowitz RA, Ebb D, Smith PS, Folkman J. Antiangiogenic therapy of a recurrent giant cell tumor of the mandible with interferona-2a. Pediatrics 1999 103 1145-1149. 

The typical bone disease caused by hyperparathyroidism is von Recklinghausen s disease of bone. The histopathogenesis of the bone disease can be classified as decalcification, loss of organic matrix, and fibrous proliferation. In those areas of the bone affected by the disease, the bone salts are lost first. Demineralization is followed by a loss of matrix substance and invasion of the area by osteoclasts. The proliferation of the osteoclast may be so considerable that it may lead to the formation of brown giant cell tumors. Fibrous tissue proliferates in the digested areas, and the new connective tissue may or may not become calcified. These areas of demineralization and fibrosis become susceptible to fracture, creating a typical radiological picture. 

In 2001, about 2,900 new cases of cancer of the bones and joints were diagnosed, and about 1,400 deaths from these cancers were expected. Primary cancers of bones account for less than 0.2% of all cancers. Regional management options consisting of intraarterial chemotherapy and arterial embolization have been used with favorable results in the treatment of osteosarcoma, unre-sectable giant cell tumors, and aneurysmal bone cysts. 

Giant cell tumors of bone are locally aggressive neoplasms that affect women more frequently than men with a peak incidence in the third decade of life. They rarely occur before the epiphyseal plate is united. These tumors are usually benign but have a high incidence (50%) of local recurrence after curettage and bone packing. On rare occasions, giant cell tumors can demonstrate distant metastases. 

Surgery is the treatment of choice for giant cell tumors. Radiation therapy is not frequently used because these tumors may undergo malignant transformation (10%). Lesions involving the spine are rare... 

Embolization Embolization of skeletal neoplasms was initially performed as an adjunct to surgical resection for hypervascular tumors to decrease operative blood loss (Chuang et aL 1981a Dick et al. 1979). Subsequently, this technique was adapted for palliation of pain caused by skeletal metastases (Feldman et al. 1975). At MDACC, most of the giant cell tumors in a group of 21 patients with these neoplasms were located in the sacrum, Oium, and thoracolumbar spine and had not responded to other forms of therapy. 

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign lesion of the bone that presents most frequently in the pediatric population. The most common site of involvement is the metaphysis of long bones with the axial skeleton being involved to a lesser degree. ABCs tend to grow rapidly with 84% having destroyed more than half of the bone width at initial presentation. ABCs can be either primary or secondarily associated with osteoblastomas, giant-cell tumors, and osteosarcomas. The incidence of secondary ABC is 23% (Szendroi et al. 1992). 

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