Multinucleated giant cells

Figure 5. Formation of multinucleated giant cell from HIV-infected cell and CD4-positive cell.

Murch AR, Grounds MD, Marshall CA, Papadimitriou JM. Direct evidence that inflammatory multinucleate giant cells form by fusion. Journal of Pathology 1982, 137, 177-180. 

Postlethwaite AE, Jackson BK, Beachey EH, Kang AG. Formation of multinucleated giant cells from human monocyte precursors. Mediation by a soluble protein from antigen- and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1982,155,168-178. 

Papadimitriou JM, van Bruggen I. Evidence that multinucleate giant cells are examples of mononuclear phagocytic differentiation. Journal of Pathology 1986, 148(2), 149-157. 

McNally AK, Anderson JM. Foreign body-type multinucleated giant cell formation is potently induced by alpha-tocopherol and prevented by the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022. American Journal of Pathology 2003, 163, 1147-1156. 

Hernandez-Pando R, Bomstein QL, Leon DA, Orozco EH, Madrigal VK, Cordero EM. Inflammatory cytokine production by immunological and foreign body multinucleated giant cells. Immunology 2000, 100, 352-358. 

Herpetic 5-15 days Diffuse hyperemia, watery discharge Multinucleated giant cells... 

The inflammatory response manifest in the brain during HTV-1 infection of the nervous system leads to the development of a chemo-attractant gradient resulting in the formation of multinucleated giant cells in HTVE (Williams et al., 2002). This enables inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages... 

Inspect the plate daily for cytopathic effect (CPE). The CPE caused by HIV-infected lymphoblastoid cells is clearly observed by the formation of syncytia, which are multinucleated giant cells. Syncytia may form in the first row within a few hours if the titer of virus is high (Fig. 2) (Note 3). 

Immunohistochemical studies of these tumors have focused mainly on the nature of their constituent mononuclear-stromal and multinucleate giant cells. The osteoclast-like giant cells usually stain strongly for however, mononuclear elements label... 

Ueda Y, Imai K, Tsuchiya H, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (gelatinase B) is expressed in multinucleated giant cells of human giant cell tumor of bone and is associated with vasculat invasion. Am J Pathol. 1996 148 611-622. 

HFV encephalitis can be reliably diagnosed by histologic evaluation. The hallmark of HFV encephalitis is multinucleated giant cells in both parenchyma and around vessels. They are mixed with macrophages and microglia, and they form multiple foci of various sizes within the white matter, deep gray matter, and cortex. Immu-nohistochemical detection of HIV p23 and p24 antigen and ISH are useful (Fig. 20.5). ... 

Still another manifestation of HIV infection, lymphocytic meningitis, is remarkable for heavy lymphocytic infiltrates within the leptomeninges and perivascular spaces. HIV cerebral vasculitis and granulomatous angiitis may occur with lymphocytic or lymphoplasmahistiocytic multinucleated giant cell infiltration of cerebral vessel walls, occasionally accompanied by necrosis. ... 

Macrophage Foamy epithelioid, multinucleated giant cells + - -... 

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