Dendritic cell subpopulations

Folpe AL, Weiss SW, Fletcher CDM, et al. Tenosynovial giant cell tumors evidence for a desmin-positive dendritic cell subpopulation. Mod Pathol. 1998 11 939-944. 

In the secondary lymphoid organs of mice, at least three major subpopulations of dendritic cells have been described CD8a+ lymphoid dendritic cells, CD8a myeloid dendritic cells, and Langerhans cell-derived dendritic cells. CD8a dendritic cells are found in the T-lymphocyte-rich areas in the lymph nodes, Peyer s patches, and spleen. By contrast, CD8a dendritic cells are localized in the marginal zones of the spleen, the subcapsular sinuses of the lymph nodes, and the subepithelial dome of the Peyer s patches. In response to micro-... 

Soilleux EJ, Morris LS, Leslie G et al. Constitutive and induced expression of DC-SIGN on dendritic cell and macrophage subpopulations in situ and in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 2002 71 445-457. 

Until 3 yr ago, only a dozen or so chemokines were known. It was clear then that IL-8 and related CXC chemokines were primarily active on neutrophils, whereas the CC chemokines, including MIP-la, MIP-ip, MCP-1 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), were active on various subpopulations of mononuclear cells as well as granulocytes other than neutrophils. In addition, the first CC chemokines were shown to have some selectivity towards different subsets of leukocytes, e.g., RANTES for monocytes, memory T cells, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells and dendritic cells, whereas the activity of MIP-ip appeared more restricted to monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and hematopoietic progenitors. Other CC chemokines appear highly specific, for instance, eotaxin, which only appears to be a chemoattractant for eosinophils. 

Huang, F. P., Platt, N., Wykes, M., Major, J. R., Powell, T. J., Jenkins, C. D., andMacPherson, G. G. (2000). A discrete subpopulation of dendritic cells transports apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells to T cell areas of mesenteric lymph nodes. J. Exp. Med. 191,435-444. 

A recent study has highlighted that the induction of Regulatory T cells (Treg) was promoted by gut commensal bacteria this subpopulation of T cells is responsible for maintaining the Thl /Th2 balance. In this context, it has been shown that Bifidobacterium bifidum-derived membrane vesicles induce dendritic cell-mediated T g differentiation. ... 

In vertebrates, most of the olfactory neurons of the nasal epithelium protrude from the apical dendritic knob a variety of cilia into the protective mucus layer, thus enlarging the sensory surface area of the cells. A subpopulation of sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium and all of the neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) are structurally different their apical region of the dendrite extends in an array of microvilli. 

Siklos L, Rickmann M, Joo F, Freeman WJ, Wolff JR. 1995. Chloride is preferentially accumulated in a subpopulation of dendrites and periglomerular cells ofthe main olfactory bulb in adult rats. Neuroscience 64 165-172. 

Thus, the mitotic active DCX-positive cells are also positive for NeuroD, whereas the postmitotic DCX-positive cells are not. Therefore, the number of DCX-positive cells will be higher than the number of NeuroD-positive cells in individual sections. Interestingly, the two populations of DCX-positive cells differ in their localization the mitotic DCX-positive cells are located in proximity of the subgranu-lar layer, whereas the postmitotic DCX-positive cells are almost completely restricted to the granular layer. Moreover, the latter population is characterized by DCX-positive dendrites that extend toward the molecular layer of the DG. Moreover, since the dendritic arborization is clearly visible, postmitotic cells can be reconstructed and examined in detail, e.g., by application of a Sholl analysis [36]. These features can be used to distinguish between the mitotic and postmitotic DCX-positive cells and allow estimating the exact numbers of the two subpopulations. 

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