German metal

New York Adelphi Co. 1931), 105-66. Other German metal enterprises included the Welser, Paumgartner, Manlich, Haug, Link, and Langnauer, which are discussed in Kellenbenz, The Rise of the European Economy, 79-80. 

One quite detailed study has been performed by the machinery and metal BG and the Norddeutsche Metall BG within the scope of their general surveillance tasks. The MASCH-BG is one of five Berufsgenossenschaften in which employees and companies of the German metal industry are insured, hi 2002, it represented around 1.2 million employees in just over 40,000 enterprises in the machinery construction and metal industry. Since 1979 it has had a special unit dealing with... 

Dah] Dahl, O., Pfaffenberger, J., Magnetic Properties of Laminated Ion-Nickel Alloys after Precipitation Hardening (in German), Metall-Wirtschaft., 13, 527-532 (1934) (Experimental, Magn. Prop., Electr. Prop., Meehan. Prop., 15)... 

Buh] Buhler, H.E., Brill, U., Genswurger, B., Kalfa, H., Precipitation Processes During Creep Testing of CuNilOFe Alloys at Temperatures up to 400°C (in German), Metall, 34(11),... 

Bri] Brill, U., Biihler, H.-E., Preeipitation Process in CuNiioFe and CuNi3oFe at 800°C (in German), Metall, 38(5), 417-421 (1984) (Experimental, Morphology, Kineties, Phase Relations, 31)... 

Puc] Puckert, F., Low Alloy Copper for Plugs and Semiconductor-Carriers (in German), Metall, 41(11), 1116-1119 (1987) (Morphology, Experimental, Review, Eleetr. Prop., Meehan. Prop., 9)... 

Iwe] Iwers, M., Development Trends in the Use of Copper Materials for Connector Applications in the Automotive Industry (in German), Metall, 47(1), 23-25 (1993) (Morphology, Review, Phys. Prop., 1)... 

Even at the peak of the LSTA s work on German munitions, these did not represent more than one-third of its activity - only eleven of the laboratory s thirty-two reports in June 1917. The LSTA issued daily assessments that included analyses of German metals and alloys. Every quarter, at the end of the third month, it gave a synthesis of its work in each field. ... 

Str] Straube, H., Bloech, R., Ploeckinger, E., Dependence of Carbon Distribution in Ternary System Iron-Chromium-Carbon on Crystal Segregation Due to Solidification (in German), Metall, 29(2), 130-137 (1975) (Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Experimental, 33) [1976Cho] Choudary, U.V., Belton, G.R., Thermodyn. of the Iron-Chromium-Carbon Melts at 1630° C , J. Metals, 28(12), A33 (1976) (Thermodyn., Abstract, 0)... 

Kno] Knotek, O., Lugscheider, E., Reimann, H., Sasse, H.G., High-Temperature Differential Thermal Analysis with Optical Measurement of Temperature (in German), Metal, 35(2), 130-132 (1981) (Phase Diagram, Experimental, 9)... 

Baumann, K. (1981). Jahrbuch der Oberfldchentechnik (Yearbook of Surface Coating Technology) (in German), Metall-Verlag, Berlin. 

Sta] Stadelmaier, H.H., Burgess, R.E., Davis, H.H., The Ternary System Fe-Al-B (in German), Metall, 20(3), 225-226 (1966) (Experimental, Crys. Structure, Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, 14)... 

Spe] Spengler, H., The Importance of Research on Eutectics and its Application to Ternary Eutectic Aluminium Alloys (in German), Metall, 14, 201-206 (1960) (Experimental) [1960Voz] Vozdvizhenskiy, V.M., The Effect on the Saturation of Solid Solution in Some Al Alloys (in Russian), Izv. fj>ss. Uchebn. Zaved. Tsvetn. Metall., (5), 116-120 (1960) (Phase Diagram, Experimental, 19)... 

The authors thank the german research community (DFG) for the support of the presented investigations whieh were realized inside the Special Research Area 326, named, J rocess Integrated Quality Control with Quality Information System for Metallic Parts in Mechanical Engineering, and special thanks to the scientific bilateral project between Brazil and Germany supported by the CNPq, KFA and DLR to realize the presented investigations in advanced radioscopy and tomography. 

The yellow hydrated oxide is slightly acidic and forms germanates(II) (germanites). The increased stability of germanium(II) oxide compared to silicon(II) oxide clearly indicates the more metallic nature of germanium. 

The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel silver, typewriter metal, commercial bronze, spring bronze, German silver, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. 

Germane is used primarily to produce high purity germanium metal or epitaxial deposits of germanium on substrates for electronics by thermal decomposition at about 350°C (see Germaniumand germanium compounds). 

R. M. German and R. G. lacocca, "Powder Metallurgy Processing and AppHcations for IntermetaUics," Mdvances in Powder Metallurgy (N Particulate Materials, Vol. 6, Metal Powder Industries federation, Princeton, N.J., 1993. 

The first reported use of nickel [7440-02-0] Ni, was in a nickel—copper—2inc alloy produced in China in the Middle Ages and perhaps earlier. Alloys of nickel may have been used in prehistoric times. The metal was first isolated for analytical study in the mid-1700s by Axel Cronstedt, who named it nickel, which derives from the German word kupfemickel, or false copper. 

Copper and tin phosphides are used as deoxidants in the production of the respective metals, to increase the tensile strength and corrosion resistance in phosphor bronze [12767-50-9] and as components of brazing solders (see Solders and brazing alloys). Phosphor bronze is an alloy of copper and 1.25—11 wt % tin. As tin may be completely oxidized in a copper alloy in the form of stannic oxide, 0.03—0.35 wt % phosphoms is added to deoxidize the alloy. Phosphor copper [12643-19-5] is prepared by the addition of phosphoms to molten copper. Phosphor tin [66579-64-4] 2.5—3 wt % P, is made for the deoxidation of bronzes and German silver. 

Potassium [7440-09-7] K, is the third, element ia the aLkaU metal series. The name designation for the element is derived from potash, a potassium mineral the symbol from the German name kalium, which comes from the Arabic qili, a plant. The ashes of these plants al qili) were the historical source of potash for preparing fertilisers (qv) or gun powder. Potassium ions, essential to plants and animals, play a key role in carbohydrate metaboHsm in plants. In animals, potassium ions promote glycolysis, Hpolysis, tissue respiration, and the synthesis of proteins (qv) and acetylcholine. Potassium ions are also beheved to function in regulating blood pressure. 

Sodium—lead alloys that contain other metals, eg, the alkaline-earth metals, are hard even at high temperatures, and are thus suitable as beating metals. Tempered lead, for example, is a beating alloy that contains 1.3 wt % sodium, 0.12 wt % antimony, 0.08 wt % tin, and the remainder lead. The German BahnmetaH, which was used ia axle beatings on railroad engines and cars, contains 0.6 wt % sodium, 0.04 wt % lithium, 0.6 wt % calcium, and the remainder lead, and has a Brinell hardness of 34 (see Bearing MATERIALS). 

Carbon monoxide was discovered in 1776 by heating a mixture of charcoal and 2inc oxide. It provided a source of heat to industry and homes as a component of town gas and was used as a primary raw material in German synthetic fuel manufacture during World War II its compounds with transition metals have been studied extensively (see Carbonyls). Most recently, carbon monoxide emission from vehicle exhausts has been recognized as a primary source of air pollution (qv). 

R.M. German. Powder Metallurgy Science. Metal Powder Industries Federation, Piinceton (1994) TN695 G47. 

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