Eukaryotic genomes

Principally because of the complexity of eukaryotic genomes, eukaryotic DNA transcription is not understood as completely as the prokaryotic process. However, the eukaryotic process is known to possess the following unique features ... 

Biochemistry resulted from the early elucidation of the pathway of enzymatic conversion of glucose to ethanol by yeasts and its relation to carbohydrate metaboHsm in animals. The word enzyme means "in yeast," and the earfler word ferment has an obvious connection. Partly because of the importance of wine and related products and partly because yeasts are relatively easily studied, yeasts and fermentation were important in early scientific development and stiU figure widely in studies of biochemical mechanisms, genetic control, cell characteristics, etc. Fermentation yeast was the first eukaryote to have its genome elucidated. 

Genome Management in Prokaryotes Genome Management in Eukaryotes... 

Seven subfamilies of eukaryotic Kir channels, each sharing 60% amino acid identity between individual members within each subfamily and 40% identity between subfamilies, are known [1]. In addition, multiple prokaryotic Kir channels (Kirbacl.1-9) are now being identified in bacterial genomes. We will focus on the eukaryotic channels. 

The protein coding regions of DNA, the transcripts of which ultimately appear in the cytoplasm as single mRNA molecules, are usually interrupted in the eukaryotic genome by large intervening sequences of... 

The DNA in a eukaryotic genome can be divided into different sequence classes. These are unique-sequence, or nonrepetitive, DNA and repetitive-sequence DNA. In the haploid genome, unique-sequence DNA generally includes the single copy genes that code for proteins. The repetitive DNA in the haploid genome includes sequences that vary in copy number from two to as many as 10 copies per cell. 

Ono Y, Fujibuchi W, Suwa M. Automatic gene collection system for genome-scale overview of G-protein coupled receptors in eukaryotes. Gene 2005 364 63-73. 

In the nuclei of all eukaryotic cells, DNA is tightly wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins and is compacted into a dense structure known as chromatin. In order to access the genetic information which is required in numerous essential cellular processes including DNA replication, gene expression and DNA repair, chromatin needs to be partially unwound. One important mechanism to regulate chromatin structure and thus to control the access of the genomic DNA is through histone modifications [1-6]. The histone octamer is composed of two copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 core histone proteins. Their tails, that protrude out of the surface of the... 

Abstract. In eukaryotic cells, replicated DNA molecules remain physically connected from their synthesis in S phase until they are separated during anaphase. This phenomenon, called sister chromatid cohesion, is essential for the temporal separation of DNA replication and mitosis and for the equal separation of the duplicated genome. Recent work has identified a number of chromosomal proteins required for cohesion. In this review we discuss how these proteins may connect sister chromatids and how they are removed from chromosomes to allow sister chromatid separation at the onset of anaphase. 

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