Genitourinary tract infections

It is less potent than ciprofloxacin and is primarily used in genitourinary tract infections. It is relatively more potent than ciprofloxacin in above condition. It is not useful in respiratory and systemic infections due to gram positive cocci. 

Genitourinary tract infections e.g., pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis. 

Cefotaxime Claforan IV, IM Pneumonia, genitourinary tract infections, gynecological infections, bacterial septicemia, bone and joint infections, meningitis, prophylaxis of surgical infections, intra-abdominal infections... 

The causes of intraabdominal abscess overlap those of peritonitis and, in fact, may occur sequentially or simultaneously. Appendicitis is the most frequent cause of abscess. Other potential causes of intraabdominal abscess include pancreatitis, diverticulitis, lesions of the biliary tract, genitourinary tract infections, perforating tumors in the abdomen, trauma, and leaking intestinal anastomoses. In addition, pelvic inflammatory disease in women may lead to tuboovarian abscess. For certain diseases, such as appendicitis and diverticulitis, abscesses occur more frequently than generalized peritonitis. 

Ticarcillin, extended-spectrum penicillin, alpha-carbox-ypenicillin, is indicated for the treatment of bacterial septicemia, skin and soft-tissue infections, acute and chronic respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), and Escherichia coli and for genitourinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated) due to susceptible strains of P. aeruginosa, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), E. coli, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus faecalis (enterococcus). 

Human adenovirus type 37 (Ad-37) was discovered by de Jong et al. (1981). It causes keratoconjunctivitis and genitourinary tract infections in humans (de Jong et al., 1981). Ad-37 was shown to cause adiposity in chickens (Atkinson et al., 2002). Visceral fat pads were three times heavier for the Ad-37 group compared to the control p < 0.0009). Interestingly, unlike Ad-36, it did not reduce serum cholesterol levels. Food intake of the animals could not explain the adiposity. No information is available about the possible mechanism involved. 

Table 8.10 Some pathogens (bacterial, fungal and protozoal) whose phagocytic-mediated destruction is impaired in persons suffering from CGD. Administration of IFN-y, in most cases, enhances the phagocyte s ability to destroy these pathogens. These agents can cause hepatic and pulmonary infections, as well as genitourinary tract, joint and other infections...

It is indicated in bacteriaemia, septicaemia, genitourinary and respiratory tract infections, endocarditis and postoperative infections caused by pseudomonas or proteus. 

It is a semisynthetic potent cephalosporin for parenteral administration. It can be administered less frequently because of its long half life. It is used in infections of genitourinary tract, bone, joint and soft tissue infections, septicaemia, endocarditis, gonorrhoea, postoperative chest infections, biliary tract infection and surgical prophylaxis. 

Sulfa drugs are effective in many infections, especially those involving the genitourinary tract. 

Eosinophils are leukocytes that contain characteristic cationic proteins in their granules that bind the acidic dye eosin. In contrast to neutrophils, eosinophils are minority cells in the blood and are predominantly tissue-dwelling cells found at sites in contact with the environment the mucosal surfaces of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract. Selective accumulation of eosinophils, as opposed to neutrophils, is one of the major pathological features of the inflammatory response to infection with parasitic helminths, and in several diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. A key step in leukocyte recruitment is the local production of chemoattractant molecules that orchestrate the adhesive interactions between leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. 

Drug therapy, particularly with broad spectrum antimicrobials or combinations of agents, can lead to alterations of the normal microbial flora of the upper respiratory, intestinal and genitourinary tracts, permitting the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms, especially fungi or resistant bacteria. These infections are often difficult to treat. 

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract is treated on the principles described for pulmonary infection (p.249). 

Newell A, Riley P, Rodgers M. Resistance patterns of urinary tract infections diagnosed in a genitourinary medicine clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2000 ll(8) 499-500. 

All patients with disseminated blastomycosis, as well as those with extrapuhnonary disease, require therapy. Ketoconazole 400 mg/ day oraUy for 6 months cures more than 80% of patients with chronic pulmonary and nonmeningeal disseminated blastomycosis. Amphotericin B is more efficacious but more toxic and therefore is reserved for noncomphant patients and patients with overwhelming or life-threatening disease, CNS infection, and treatment failures. Cumulative amphotericin B dosages of more than 1 g have resulted in cure without relapse in 70% to 91 % of patients with blastomycosis. Relapse rates depend on the total dosage of amphotericin B administered. Patients with genitourinary tract disease should be treated initially with 600-800 mg/day of ketoconazole because of the low concentrations of drug achieved in the urine and prostate tissue. 

Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, which inhabits the genitourinary tract and causes vaginitis in women and, uncommonly, urethritis in men. Trichomoniasis is sexually transmitted, with more than 200 million people infected worldwide and 3 million women infected in the U.S. annually. The lack of symptoms in many men hinders effort to eradicate the disease. 

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