Genetic expression

Chromosomes are packed tightly as a mass inside the human cell nucleus, and the way they are packed seems to determine which genes are active and which are not genes active in the formation of particular proteins are located close to one another in the mass (Lieberman-Aiden et al., 2009). 

Very few somatic cell genes are actively expressed. There appears to be something in the cell s cytoplasm that directs genetic expression (Saltus, 2006). Some of this may have to do with methyla-tion, wherein a methyl hydrocarbon group (CH3) replaces a hydrogen atom on a genetic nucleotide base. A gene that is methylated lies dormant. 

Fusing human embryonic stem cells with somatic cells can reawaken dormant genes. Sometimes this fusion leads to a double set of chromosomes, but sometimes the adult nuclei completely replace stem cell nuclei (Saltus, 2006). 

There is not a one-to-one mapping between DNA and mRNA sequences (Hamady et al., 2005). Through a process called splicing, certain portions of the RNA transcribed from DNA can be deleted or added. In alternative splicing, different pieces of transcribed mRNA are deleted under different 

Genes or Environment Estimates of Relative Contributions of Each to Personality Traits and Physical Conditions Based on Studies of Identical Twins 

---

Given the established role of pharmacology in the planning and conduct of clinical trials, particularly early trials, what can knowledge about a patient s genome or genetic expression potentially add ... 

CGTases have been reported fi om approximately 13 organisms. The genes coding for several CGTases have been isolated and don in B. coli (See Table II.). The use of genetic expression promoters has been reported to increase doned CGTase protein expresdon several thousand-fdd (67). 

The molecular basis of this synergy may be manifest at the level of genetic expression. Thus, beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation by NE results in gene expression, as discussed previously and shown in Figure 7—4. However, in the presence of... 

HeLa cells, ER-mediated genetic expression No No Balaguer et al. (1996)... 

Nebert DW, Robinson JR, Niwa A, et al. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. J Cell Physiol 85 393-414. 

Fiala A., Spall T., Diegelmann S., Eisermann B., Sachse S., Devaud J.-M., Buchner E. and Galizia C.-G. (2002) Genetically expressed cameleon in Drosophila melanogaster is used to visualize olfactory information in projection neurons. Curr. Biol. 12, 1877-1884. 

Poland, A. Kende, A. The genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity Evidence for a receptor mutation in nonresponsive mice. In Origins of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium, New York, 1977 847-967... 

The pathological effects of viral diseases are the consequence of various factors, such as the toxicity of the products of metabolism of infected cells and host reaction to infected cells expressing viral protein, as well as changes in the genetic expression of host cells through structural or functional interactions with genetic material or viral proteins. In some cases, the symptoms or acute signs of diseases caused by a virus can be directly related to the elimination of the infected cells. 

---