Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity

Ferris IP, LH MacDonald, MA Patrie, MA Martin (1976) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the fungus Cunninghamella bainierr, evidence for the presence of cytochrome P-450. Arch Biochem Biophys 175 443-452. 

Kiyohara, C., Nakanishi, Y., Inutsuka, S., Takayama, K., Hara, N., Motohiro, A., Tanaka, K., Kono, S. and Hirohata, T. (1998) The relationship between CYP1A1 aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and lung cancer in a Japanese population. Pharmacogenetics, 8 (4), 315-323. 

Table III. Inhibition of monooxygenase (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase) activity in fish and mammalian hepatic microsomes (based on...

Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in tele-ost fish (28, 1+1+) and elasmobranch (25.) has also been observed without a hypsochromic shift in the spectrum of the cytochrome P-1+50. CO complex. 

Concentrations by Hepatic Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity in the Cunner". M.Sc. Thesis. Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John s, Nfld., 1978. 

Of additional concern is the thermal conversion of PCBs to polychlorinated dibenzofurans, especially when PCB—filled electrical transformers are involved (16). Further, PCB isomers with no chlorine atoms substituted in the ortho. ortho -biphenvl positions are particularly potent as inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. The potency of certain dibenzofurans and non-ortho, ortho chlorine substituted PCBs in inducing activity of these enzymes is similar to that of the highly toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo- -dioxin (15. 17., 18). 

No studies were located regarding the metabolic pathway of fuel oils in humans. In one animal study, fuel oil no. 2 applied to the skin of rats induced cutaneous aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in rat skin microsomal preparations by causing a three-fold induction of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 3-hydroxylase activity (Rahimtula et al. 1982). In addition, BaP 3-hydroxylase activity was selectively inhibited by -naphthoflavone, but not by metyrapone, suggesting that cytochrome P-448 enzymes are induced and may participate in the metabolism of this fuel oil (Rahimtula et al. 1982). 

Lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Cigarette smoke, administered intranasally to young male C57BL mice fed 5 and 100 ppm of vitamin E, 20 minutes/day for 8 weeks, produced no effect on hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. All of the mice on the vitamin E-free diet showed reduced lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was increased in all of the smoke-exposed mice L... 

Kouri, R.E., McKinney, C.E., Slomiany, D.J., Snodgrass, D.R., Wray, N.P., AND McLemore, T.L. (1982). Positive correlation between high aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and primary lung cancer as analyzed in cryopreserved lymphocytes, Cancer Res. 42,5030. 

Nebert, D.W. and Bausserman, L.L. (1970). Fate of inducer during induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in mammalian cell culture. II. Levels of intracellular content of polycyclic hydrocarbon during enzyme induction and decay ) Mol. Pharmacol 6,304. 

Distribution of CYPs within the cell has been studied primarily in the mammalian liver, where it is present in greatest quantity in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in smaller but appreciable amounts in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The nuclear membrane has also been reported to contain CYP and to have detectable aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, an observation that may be of considerable importance in studies of the metabolic activation of carcinogens. 

Mechanism and Genetics of Induction in Mammals. Many different mechanisms may be involved in CYP induction. These include increased transcription of DNA, increased mRNA translation to protein, mRNA stabilization, and protein stabilization. Induction can only occur in intact cells and cannot be achieved by the addition of inducers directly to cell fractions such as microsomes. It has been known for some time that in most cases of increase in monooxygenase activity there is a true induction involving synthesis of new enzyme, and not the activation of enzyme already synthesized, since induction is generally prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis. For example, the protein synthesis inhibitors such as puromycin, ethionine, and cyclo-heximide inhibit aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. A simplified scheme for gene expression and protein synthesis is shown in Figure 9.7. 

Ah locus A gene(s) controlling the trait of responsiveness for induction of enzymes by aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition to aromatic hydrocarbons such as the polycyclics, the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls, as well as the brominated biphenyls, are involved. This trait, originally defined by studies of induction of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, is inherited by simple autosomal dominance in crosses and backcrosses between C57BL/6 (Ah-responsive) and DBA/2 (Ah-nonresponsive) mice. 

Bradlaw JA, Garthoff LH, Hurley NE, et al. 1980. Comparative induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in vitro by analogs of dibenzo-p-dioxin. Food Cosmet Toxicol 18 627-635. 

Harris M, Zacharewski T, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J, et al. 1990. Structure-dependent induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in C57BL/6 mice by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related congeners Mechanistic studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 105 243-253. 

Nagayama J, Kiyohara C, Masuda Y, et al. 1985. Genetically mediated induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human lymphoblastoid cells by polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomers and... 

Nebert DW, Robinson JR, Niwa A, et al. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. J Cell Physiol 85 393-414. 

Thunberg T, Ahlborg UG, Wahl strain B. 1984. Comparison between the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and six other compounds on the vitamin A storage, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the rat liver. Arch Toxicol 55 16-19. 

Nebert DW, Winker J, Gelboin HV. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human placenta from cigarette smoking and nonsmoking women. Cancer Res 1969 29 1763-1769. 

Table IV. Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity in Hepatic Microsomes from Animals Consuming Various Levels and Types of Fat 0.3% BHT...

Poland, A. Kende, A. The genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity Evidence for a receptor mutation in nonresponsive mice. In Origins of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium, New York, 1977 847-967... 

Mattison DR Thorgeirsson SS (1979) Ovarian aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and primordial oocyte toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mice. Cancer Res, 39 3471-3475. 

Several mechanisms have been proposed for glyphosate, such as uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 activity. However, surfactants present in many... 

Baron J, Voigt JM. 1993. Localization, distribution and induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity within lung. See Ref. 14, pp. 41-75... 

Rifkind AB, Tseng L, Hirsch MB, Lauersen NH. 1978. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and microsomal cytochrome content of human fetal tissues. Cancer Res. 38 1572-77... 

Binder, R.L. and JJ. Stegeman. Basal levels and induction of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity during the embryonic period of development in brook trout. Biochem. Pharmacol. 32 1324-1327, 1983. 

Abe S, Nemoto N, Sasaki M. 1983a. Comparison of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and inducibility of sister-chromatid exchanges by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mammalian cell lines. Mutat Res 122 47-51. 

Chakradeo PP, Kayal J J, Bhide SV. 1993. Effect of benzo(a)pyrene and methyl(acetoxymethyl) nitrosamine on thymidine uptake and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human fetal oesophageal cells in culture. Cell Biol Int 17(7) 671-676. 

Milo GE, Blakeslee J, Yohn DS, et al. 1978. Biochemical activation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, cellular distribution of polynuclear hydrocarbon metabolites, and DNA damage by polynuclear hydrocarbon products in human cells in vitro. Cancer Res 38 1638-1644. 

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