Caibocation reactions generating

A further consequence of the ionization mechanism is that if the same caibocation can be generated firom more than one precursor, its subsequent reactions should be... 

Winstein suggested that two intermediates preceding the dissociated caibocation were required to reconcile data on kinetics, salt effects, and stereochemistry of solvolysis reactions. The process of ionization initially generates a caibocation and counterion in proximity to each other. This species is called an intimate ion pair (or contact ion pair). This species can proceed to a solvent-separated ion pair, in which one or more solvent molecules have inserted between the caibocation and the leaving group but in which the ions have not diffused apart. The free caibocation is formed by diffusion away from the anion, which is called dissociation. 

The generation of caibocations from these sources is well documented (see Section 5.4). The reaction of aromatics with alkenes in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts is the basis for the industrial production of many alkylated aromatic compounds. Styrene, for example, is prepared by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene made from benzene and ethylene. 

In this process, some initiator molecule adds to one carbon of the CC double bond of the monomer to generate a reactive site, such as a radical or a caibocation, at the other carbon. This reactive carbon species then adds to another monomer to produce another reactive carbon species, and the process continues until a laige number of monomers have been connected. Another way to represent this reaction shows the repeating unit that is formed when the monomers react to give the polymer ... 

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