Gelatin peptides from

Kim, G. H., Jeon, Y. J., Byun, H. G., Lee, Y. S., and Kim, S. K. (1998). Effect of calcium compounds from oyster shell bound fish skin gelatine peptide in calcium deficient rats. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 31,149-159. 

Zhao, Y., Li, B., Liu, Z., Dong, S., Zhao, X., and Zeng, M. (2007). Antihypertensive effect and purification of an ACE inhibitory peptide from sea cucumber gelatin hydrolysate. Process Biochem. 42, 1586-1591. 

B. Peptides from fish skin collagen and gelatin 238... 

Peptides from Acid and Basic Hydrolysates of Collagen and Gelatin ... 

Our research group has reported in a series of papers that production of enzymes from PLLA degrading microorganisms was induced when some proteins such as silk fibroin, elastin, gelatin, peptides, and some amino acids were present in the cultivation medium [27, 44—46, 48]. For instance, a significant increase in the enzyme activity of Amycolatopsis strain HT-41 was detected when silk fibroin was added into the culture medium [44]. Moreover, various amino acids, peptides, and poly(L-amino acids) were used as enzyme inducers for the production of enzymes from T. albtm, L. waywandensis, and A. orientalis. Silk fibroin was found to be the best inducer for A. orientalis. On the other hand, the enzyme activities of L. waywandensis and T. album were stimulated by elastin but not by silk fibroin. Soluble culture substrates such as peptides and amino acids had lower induction activities in comparison to protein substrates (silk fibroin, elastin, collagen, and keratin) [48]. 

The usual alkali employed is lime. The raw material for gelatine is tropocollagen, which is present in the original hides or bones. This protein consists of three polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. In contrast, gelatine consists of several free or interassociated chains, ranging in molecular weight from around ten thousand to several hundred thousand. On extraction, monomers (a-chains MW 100 000), dimers (P-chains) and trimers ( -chains) and some lower order peptides are released. 

Gelatin colloids consist of cross-Unked peptide chains obtained from collagen. They are employed for blood replacement, but not for hemodilution, in circulatory disturbances. 

Mendis, E., Rajapakse, N., and Kim, S. K. (2005). Antioxidant properties of a radicals scavenging peptide purified from enzymatically prepared fish skin gelatin hydrolysate. ]. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 581-587. 

Aleman, A., Gimenez, B., Perez-Santin, E., Gomez-Guillen, M. C., and Monter, P. (2011). Contribution of Leu and Hyp residues to antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of peptide sequences isolated from squid gelatin hydrolysate. Food Chem. 125, 334-341. 

Great amount of marine fish species have been identified with potential nutraceutical and medicinal values. Consequently, a number of bioactive compounds have been identified including fish muscle proteins, peptides, collagen and gelatin, fish oil, fish bone. Bioactive peptides derived from various fish muscle proteins have shown various biological activities including antihypertensive, antibacterial, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, and hence they may be a potential material for biomedical and... 

Gelatin is derived from the fibrous protein collagen, which is the principal constituent of animal skin, bone, and connective tissue. Fish skin waste could be used as a potential source to isolate collagen and gelatin. Zhu et al. (2010) evaluated the effect of collagen peptides on markers of metabolic nuclear receptors. 

Nowadays, ACE inhibitory peptides have been isolated from meat, remaining muscle proteins, skin collagen and gelatin, bone, and internal organs of fishes such as Alaska pollack, bonito, tuna, salmon, shark, and sardine. Table 16.1 provides a partial summary of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from marine fish sources, their amino acid sequence, the enzyme used for hydrolysis, and IC50 values. The IC50 value is the concentration of peptide that inhibits 50% of ACE activity. 

Covalent linkage of amino acid, peptide or protein moieties onto the hydrolyzed and/or oxidized polymers (Control and Oxidized starches) was examined for its ability to improve the potential for microregion lipophilicity within the carbohydrate polymer. Proteinaceous materials are often strongly surface active (39) and may, if carefully selected, contribute positively to wall material characteristics. This selection process was carried-out using maltodextrins (DE 10 and/or 25) as the carbohydrate framework and various amino acid-derived materials as the function-altering accessory, ranging from gelatin and casein proteins to simple amino acids. 

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