Microorganisms, degradation

Soil microorganisms degrade methoprene rapidly and extensively (27). The hydroxy ester was isolated as a minor metabolite over 50% of the applied dose was evolved as 1 C02. Radioactivity from [5-1 0]methoprene incorporated into the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions of soil. 

Aldrin was found to be very persistent in an agricultural soil. Fifteen years after application at a rate of 20 Ib/acre, 5.8% of the applied amount was recovered as dieldrin and 0.2% was recovered as photodieldrin (Lichtenstein et ah, 1971). Patil and Matsumura (1970) reported 13 of 20 soil microorganisms degraded aldrin to dieldrin under laboratory conditions. 

Some microorganisms degrading condensed tannins have been isolated and described, but no reports on the mechanism of the depolymerization process, or the enzymes involved in biodegradation, have appeared. It must be stressed that condensed tannin degradation may be associated with other... 

Both procaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms have the enzymatic potential to oxidize aromatic hydrocarbons that range in size from a single ring (e.g., benzene, toluene and xylene) to polycyclic aromatics (PC As), such as naphthalane, anthracene, phenanthrene, benzo [a] pyrene and benz [a] anthracene (Table 4.4). However, the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria and higher microorganisms degrade aromatic compounds are fundamentally different. 

Uptake kinetics with oat had to be performed in presence of antibiotics, because the benzoxazolin-2(3//)-one was converted to orange-red compounds, due to microbial activity. One compound was identified as 2-amino-5//-phenoxazin-3-one [180], which is known to appear within 10 days in nonsterile soil after incubation with DIBOA [181]. Microorganisms degrade BOA to 2-aminophenol, that reacts subsequently without further enzymatic catalysis resulting in 2-amino-i//-phenoxazin-3-one [182-185]. Acinetobacter calcoacetius was identified as an organism responsible for 2-aminophenol production [183]. In antibiotic-... 

An example of this would be the bioregeneration of activated carbon, which occurs when microorganisms degrade adsorbed particles, creating new adsorption sites (4). 

Commensalism of two microorganisms degrading the substrate Co-cultures of Trichoderma reesei and Sporotrichum sp. are degrading cellulose and hemicellulose fraction... 

Schmidt SK, Gier MJ. 1989. Dynamics of microbial populations in soil indigenous microorganisms degrading 2,4-dinitrophenol. Microbial Ecol 18 285-296. 

TCA, chloramben, and 2,4-D are carboxylic acids that dissociate to form negative ions that do not bind much to the soil matrix. Microorganisms degrade these pesticides easily. Glyphosate does not bind to humus, but makes insoluble salts with calcium and other metals in the soil. It does not... 

Microorganisms degrading indane derivatives were screened for stereoselective oxidation of racemic cis- or trans-1,2-indandiol. Three promising strains specifically oxidizing the benzylic hydroxyl group were found (see Table 16.2-15). 

Both MTBE and TBA can be considered to have little or no inhibitory effects at the concentrations within the range of a few ppm normally encoim-tered in groundwater pliunes. At a concentration less than 1 g/1, the presence of MTBE, DIPE, ETBE or TBA alone was shown to have no inhibitory effects to microorganisms degrading acetate under anaerobic conditions [95]. Inlet... 

Soil microorganisms degrade chlorophenoxyacetic acids according to several schemes. The processes may proceed simultaneously (Audus, 1961) (see p. 524). 

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